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Health Science > Respritory System > Flashcards

Respritory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Delivers O2 to the body and removes CO2

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2
Q

What is the byproduct of ATP production during cellular respiration?

A

CO2

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3
Q

What is the term for the process of breathing?

A

Pulmonary respiration

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4
Q

What occurs during inspiration?

A

Breathing in → lungs

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5
Q

What occurs during expiration?

A

Lungs → atmosphere

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6
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between lungs and blood

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7
Q

Where does external respiration occur?

A

In the lungs

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8
Q

What gas diffuses from the lungs to the blood?

A

O2

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9
Q

What gas diffuses from the blood into the lungs?

A

CO2

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10
Q

How are gases transported in the body?

A

By the cardiovascular system using blood

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11
Q

Where does internal respiration occur?

A

At the tissue cells

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12
Q

What gas diffuses from the blood into the tissue cells?

A

O2

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13
Q

What gas diffuses into the blood from the tissue cells?

A

CO2

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14
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

Warms and humidifies air as it travels to the lungs

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15
Q

What is the role of hair and mucus in the nose?

A

Traps microbes and dust

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The respiratory system delivers _______ to the body and removes CO2.

A

O2

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17
Q

True or False: Internal respiration occurs in the lungs.

A

False

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18
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

The throat, splits into the esophagus and larynx

The pharynx plays a crucial role in both the respiratory and digestive systems.

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19
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

Considered a door at the top of the larynx, only open when breathing

The epiglottis prevents food and liquid from entering the airway during swallowing.

20
Q

What is the larynx commonly known as?

A

The voice box

It houses the vocal cords and is essential for sound production.

21
Q

What does the larynx pass air to?

A

The trachea

The trachea is the main airway that leads to the lungs.

22
Q

What is the trachea?

A

The windpipe, passes from the larynx to the lungs

It is supported by rings of cartilage to maintain its structure.

23
Q

What are the branches of the trachea called?

A

Bronchi

Each bronchus leads to a lung.

24
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Thin-walled air sacs covered by capillaries

They are the primary site of external respiration.

25
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

Dome-shaped muscle that aids in breathing

It contracts to cause inspiration and relaxes to cause expiration.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The diaphragm _______ to cause inspiration.

A

contracts

This contraction increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

27
Q

True or False: The epiglottis is closed when breathing.

A

False

The epiglottis is only closed during swallowing to prevent aspiration.

28
Q

What process moves gas from high to low concentration in the lungs?

A

Diffusion

This is the fundamental principle that governs gas exchange in the lungs.

29
Q

What is the composition of air that enters the alveoli during respiration?

A

High in O2 and low in CO2

This composition is essential for efficient gas exchange.

30
Q

What is the composition of blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?

A

High in CO2 and low in O2

This difference in gas concentration drives diffusion.

31
Q

What happens to O2 that enters the alveoli?

A

It diffuses through alveolar membrane into the capillary walls and dissolves into tissue cells

This process is crucial for cellular respiration.

32
Q

What travels back to the alveoli from tissue cells?

A

CO2

CO2 is a byproduct of cellular respiration and is exhaled.

33
Q

What is the role of red blood cells in gas transport?

A

They carry O2 and CO2

Red blood cells are essential for efficient gas exchange and transport in the bloodstream.

34
Q

What percentage of O2 dissolves in plasma during transport?

A

5-12%

The majority of O2 is transported via hemoglobin in red blood cells.

35
Q

What is the primary molecule that O2 binds to in red blood cells?

A

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin contains iron, which binds to oxygen.

36
Q

How many iron atoms does each hemoglobin molecule contain?

A

4

Each iron atom can bind to one molecule of oxygen.

37
Q

How many hemoglobin molecules are present in each red blood cell?

A

250 million

This allows each red blood cell to carry nearly 1 billion oxygen molecules.

38
Q

What happens when oxygenated blood arrives at tissue cells?

A

Oxygen is released from hemoglobin and diffuses into surrounding cells

This process is vital for cellular metabolism.

39
Q

What is the primary direction of CO2 diffusion?

A

From tissue cells to blood

This occurs because the concentration of CO2 is higher in the tissue cells than in the blood.

40
Q

What percentage of CO2 dissolves into plasma?

A

7%

This is one of the ways CO2 is transported from tissue cells to the lungs.

41
Q

What percentage of CO2 binds to hemoglobin?

A

23%

Hemoglobin carries CO2 in the blood back to the lungs.

42
Q

What is the main reaction that converts CO2 in the blood?

A

CO2 reacts with water to form bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

This accounts for 70% of CO2 transport in the blood.

43
Q

What happens to bicarbonate ions when they reach the lungs?

A

They turn into water and CO2

This process allows CO2 to be exhaled into the atmosphere.

44
Q

Fill in the blank: The transport sequence of CO2 is ______ → lungs, alveoli → blood stream → tissue cells.

A

Atmosphere

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The overall transport of CO2 can be summarized as ______ → blood → alveoli (Lungs) → exhalation.

A

Tissue cells

Health Science (4 decks)

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