Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology II > Respritory & Digestive > Flashcards

Respritory & Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Pleura

A

Provides Lubrication
Pleural fluids fills the pleural cavity
Visceral Pleura on external lung surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

External Respiration

A

O2 and CO2 exchange between the lungs and the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Internal Respiration

A

O2 and CO2 exchange between the systemic blood vessels and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transport

A

O2 and Co2 in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the nose

A 
provides and airway fr respiration
moistens and warms the entering air
filters and cleans the inspired air
serves as a resonating chamber for speech
houses olfactory receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

olfactory mucosa

A

lines the superior nasal cavity

contains smell receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

respiratory mucosa

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
mucous and serous secretions contain lysozyme and defensins
Cilia move contaminated mucus posteriorly to throat
inspired air is warmed by plexuses of capillaries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of Conchae

A

Filter hear, and moisten air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Larynx

A

Vocal fold may act as a sphincter to prevent air passage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Valsalvas maneuver

A

Glottis closes to prevent exhalation

Intra abdominal pressure rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many lobes on right lung?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many lobes on left lung

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inspiration

A

gases flow into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Expiration

A

gases exit the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the mechanical processes that depend on volume changes in the thoracic cavity?

A

Volume changes ->pressure changes

Pressure changes -> gases flow to equalize pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Pressure (P) varies inversely with volume (V)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Expiration

A

quiet expiration is normally a passive process
inspiratoy muscles relax
Thoracic cavity volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spirometer

A

instrument used to measure respiratory volumes and capacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Control of Respiration

A

Involves neurons in the reticular formation of the medulla and pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Increased depth rate of breathing that exceeds the bodys need to remove CO2
Causes CO2 levels to decline (hypocapnia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Apnea

A

period of breathing cessation that occurs when Pco2 is abnormally low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Influence of Po2

A

peripheral chemo-receptors in the aortic and carotid bodies are O2 sensors
When excited they cause the respiratory centers to increase ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant?

A

Rising CO2 levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where alveolar O2 is high

A

arterioles dilate

25
Q

where alveolar P2 is low

A

arterioles constrict

26
Q

Where alveolar CO2 is high

A

bronchioles dilate

27
Q

Where alveolar CO2 is low

A

bronchioles constrict

28
Q

Surface tension

A

attracts liquid molecules to one another at a gas liquid interface
Resists any force that tends to increase the surface area of the liquid

29
Q

Surfactant

A

reduced surface tension of alveolar fluid and discourages alveolar collapse
Insufficient quantity in premature infants causes infant respiratory distress syndrome

30
Q

Pulmonary Irritant reflexes

A

receptors in the bronchioles respond to irritants

promote reflexive constriction of air passages

31
Q

Respiratory adjustments: exercise

A

adjustments are geared to both the intensity and duration of exercise
Pco2 Po2 and pH remain surprisingly constant during exercise

32
Q

Hyperpnea

A

increase in ventilation (10 to 20 fold( in response to metabolic needs

33
Q

Respiratory Adjustments: High Altitude

A

Quick travel to altitudes to above 8000 feet may produce symptoms of acute mountain sickness

34
Q

Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)

A

Headaches, shortness of breath, nausea, and dizziness

In severe cases lethal cerebral and pulmonary edema

35
Q

COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

History of smoking in 80% of patients

36
Q

Asthma

A

Characterized by coughing, dyspnea, wheezing, and chest lightness
Active inflammation of the airway precedes bronchospasms
Airway inflammation is an immune response caused by production of IgE
Airways thickened

37
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Symptoms include fever, night sweats, wight loss, a racking cough, and spitting up blood

38
Q

Lung Cancer

A

90% of all cases are the result of smoking

39
Q

Atelectasis - lung collapse

A

due to plugged bronchioles -> collapse of alveoli

Wound that admits air into pleural cavity

40
Q

Hypoxia

A 
inadequate )2 delivery to tissues due to:
too few RBCs
Abnormal or too little Hb
Blocked circulation
Metabolic poisons
Pulmonary disease
Carbon Monoxide
41
Q

Henrys Law

A

When a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid each gas will dissolve in the liquid
the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid also depends upon its solubility
CO2 is 30 times more soluble in water than O2

42
Q

partial pressure gradient for O2 in the lungs is steep

A

Venous blood Po2=40 mm Hb

Alveolar P02=104 mm Hb

43
Q

Partial pressure gradient for CO2 in the lungs is less steep

A

Venous blood Pco2=45 mm Hb

Alveolar Pco2=40 mm Hb

44
Q

O2 transport

A

Molecular O2 is carried in the blood
1.5% dissolves in plasma
98.5% loosely bound to each Fe ol hemoglobin in RBCs
4 o2 per Hb
Transformation of RBCs causes release of O2

45
Q

Loading and unloading of O2 is facilitated by

A

change in shape of Hb

46
Q

In arterial blood Hb is

A

98% saturated

47
Q

Further increases in Po2 (breathing deeply)

A

produce minimal increases in O2 binding

48
Q

Only 20-25 % of bound O2 is unloaded during

A

one systemic circulation

49
Q

CO2 Transport

A

CO2 is transported in the blood in three forms
7-10 % dissolve in plasma
20% bound to globin of hemoglobin
70% transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma

50
Q

Henrys Law

A

When a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid each gas will dissolve in the liquid
the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid also depends upon its solubility
CO2 is 30 times more soluble in water than O2

51
Q

partial pressure gradient for O2 in the lungs is steep

A

Venous blood Po2=40 mm Hb

Alveolar P02=104 mm Hb

52
Q

Partial pressure gradient for CO2 in the lungs is less steep

A

Venous blood Pco2=45 mm Hb

Alveolar Pco2=40 mm Hb

53
Q

O2 transport

A

Molecular O2 is carried in the blood
1.5% dissolves in plasma
98.5% loosely bound to each Fe ol hemoglobin in RBCs
4 o2 per Hb
Transformation of RBCs causes release of O2

54
Q

Loading and unloading of O2 is facilitated by

A

change in shape of Hb

55
Q

In arterial blood Hb is

A

98% saturated

56
Q

Further increases in Po2 (breathing deeply)

A

produce minimal increases in O2 binding

57
Q

Only 20-25 % of bound O2 is unloaded during

A

one systemic circulation

58
Q

CO2 Transport

A

CO2 is transported in the blood in three forms
7-10 % dissolve in plasma
20% bound to globin of hemoglobin
70% transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma

Anatomy & Physiology II (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions