Response long questions Flashcards

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1
Q

transmission of nerve impulses across synapse

A
  1. When nerve impulse reaches presynaptic membrane

synaptic vesicles triggered to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

  1. neurotransmitter diffuse across synapse to bind to the receptor proteins
  2. generation of new electrical signals in postsynaptic membrane
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2
Q

Reflex action (knee-jerk reflex)

A
  1. hit tendon that connects the quadriceps muscle in the thigh to a bone in lower leg

2.force stretches quadriceps muscles
stimulates stretch receptors in muscles
trigger nerve impulse

  1. afferent neurone transmit information to efferent neurones in spinal cord
  2. efferent neurone transmit information to quadriceps muscle
    muscle contract
    lower leg jerk forward
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3
Q

effects of alcohol consumption

A
  1. transmission of nerve impulses becomes slower
    (alcohol affects transmission of neurotransmitters across synapse)
  2. coordination is affected
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4
Q

patient suffering from diabetes mellitus

A
  1. High intake of glucose
    cause excess glucose in blood
    cannot be fully reabsorbed from proximal convoluted tubule into blood capillaries
  2. excess glucose is excreted in urine
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5
Q

diet rich in proteins cause increase in urea content

A

1, proteins are digested to amino acids

  1. excess amino acids cannot be stored in body
    must be deaminated in liver
  2. the amino group from amino acids is converted to urea
  3. urea is transported by blood to kidneys
    excreted in urine
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6
Q

how reabsorption of sodium ions is controlled

A
  1. when blood osmotic pressure decreases
    stimulate adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
  2. cause distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct becomes more permeable to sodium ions

3, more sodium ions is reabsorbed into blood

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7
Q

how athlete regulates blood osmotic pressure on hotday

A
  1. athlete secrete sweat to lose heat
    increase blood osmotic pressure

2.hypothalamus stimulate pituitary glands to release more ADH into blood

  1. high level of ADH increase the permeability of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
    more water is reabsorbed
  2. blood osmotic pressure returns to normal
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