Responding To Cardiac Arrest Flashcards

1
Q

What does CPR stand for?

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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2
Q

How should you respond to unconsciousness/unresponsiveness?

A

It is always a medical emergency, so you should call 999.

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3
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

When someone’s heart stops, causing them to become unconscious and stop breathing normally or at all.

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of cardiac arrest?

A
  • Sudden collapse
  • Becoming unconscious
  • Becoming unresponsive
  • Stopping breathing normally
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5
Q

What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?

A

Heart attacks cause abnormal heart rhythms which can lead to a cardiac arrest.

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6
Q

What should you do if you discover in a primary survey that a casualty is unresponsive and has stopped breathing normally?

A
  • Call 999, or get someone to call 999 - use speakerphone so hands are free
  • If someone is with you, send them to find a defibrillator (if alone, do not leave casualty, but shout for help)
  • Begin CPR
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7
Q

What might abnormal breathing look like?

A
  • Not breathing
  • Breathing very irregularly
  • Gasping/laboured breathing
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8
Q

What type of CPR should you perform for each experience level/case?

A

If trained practically and feel confident:
- Compression with rescue breaths

If not trained practically:
- Just compression

If a child or infant is unresponsive, it may be worth prioritising rescue breaths - consult call handler

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9
Q

What ratio of breaths to compressions should you use?

A

30 compressions, 2 rescue breaths

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10
Q

How long should CPR be continued?

A

Until help arrives

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11
Q

How is child CPR different to adult CPR?

A

For young children, start by providing 5 rescue breaths
If there are definite signs of life (gag, cough, breathing), continue rescue breaths until they breathe normally for themself - if not, begin full CPR
For young children, use only one hand for chest compressions (and go about a third of the depth of the chest)

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12
Q

How is administering CPR to an infant different to an adult?

A

Perform five initial rescue breaths before beginning CPR (see advice for young children)
Use only 2 fingers for chest compressions
Use same ratio as for adults

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13
Q

When might you stop giving CPR?

A
  • The casualty starts breathing on their own
  • The casualty becomes responsive and shows obvious signs of recovery
  • You become physically exhausted and cannot carry on
  • Emergency medical help arrives and takes over
  • Carry on chest compressions even if you have to stop rescue breaths
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14
Q

What should you do if a casualty vomits during CPR?

A

Roll them briefly on their side to allow vomit to drain, then resume CPR

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15
Q

What is the purpose of CPR?

A

To pump blood and oxygen around the body and therefore keep a casualty alive until emergency services take over (note, not usually to revive).

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16
Q

What should you do if the casualty has a suspected spinal injury but needs CPR?

A

Perform CPR, but try to move them as little as possible. If there is someone with you, ask them to hold their head and neck still.

17
Q

How might you control infection during CPR?

A
  • Use gloves
  • Use a sterile cleansing wipe
  • Use protective barriers such as a face shield
  • Wash hands and mouth after giving CPR

Only take these precautions if equipment is readily available lie to you. Administering CPR takes priority over finding PPE.

18
Q

What differences are there between using an AED on adults and children?

A

AEDs can be used on children over the age of 1, but for children under age 8 smaller paediatric pads should be used, or the adult pads attached different (centre of chest and centre of back)