respiratory virus Flashcards
general rule of thumb for respiratory virus
-may or may not be clinically diagnosed
-most treated symptomatically
how are respiratory virus transmitted
respiratory droplets and the fecal oral route
-after symptoms cleared it can still be spread in the stool
collection for respiratory NEVER USE
calcium alginate
-will kills virus/ not allow to replicate
it virus is going to be ID via viral culture
send to virology lab on wet ice at 4 degrees
most common viral infection seen during the flu season
adenovirus
-sometimes referred as stomach flu
-rarely diagnosed
adenovirus infects
respiratory and GI tract
-viral conjunctivitis (cold of eye)
-not really severe symptoms
adenovirus sero types
50 sero types
-exposed for first time within first 2 years of life
adenovirus shed in stool
weeks after primary infection
virus we look for during the flu season (most cases seen here)
RSV
how is RSV spread
very quickly respiratory droplets
-infect entire daycares
RSV infections
multiple infection
and get again and again because natural immunity is short lived
most common cause of respiratory deaths in children under 2 worldwide
RSV
-also concern in elderly patients
is there an RSV vaccine
yes
-not mandated; recommended
what does RSV cause
bronchitis, pneumonia
-kids/adults hospitalized and be put into isolation
how is RSV detected
lateral flow immunoassay
-via ELISA
-can be ordered STAT
so you can find out ASAP if need to be isolated
1 Recommended specimen for RSV
bronchial washings
second choice is nasopharyngeal
why do secondary antibiotic treatment in RSV
for immunocompromised to prevent getting another infections
1 cause of common cold
rhinovirus
when is rhinovirus most common
warmer months
-hundreds of subtypes- so can catch a lot
how is rhinovirus spread
respiratory, fomites (live several hours)
-sink common place to catch
in rhinovirus people can lose
ability to taste or smell
symptoms of influenza virus
respiratory and GI, fever
-kids= bronchitis
-worried about secondary bacterial infections in immunocompromised
how is flu divided
influenza A, B, C
-for epidemiological purposes
influenza A undergo antigenic
shift and drift
-can occur because of infecting both humans and animals (sharing antigenic components)
shift
major reassortment of genetic material
drift
minor reassortment of genetic material
what influenza causes global pandemics
A
-happens every 10 year
influenza B undergo
antigenic drift
-only affects humans- no pandemic
influenza C is seen in
humans
-we don’t test for
what components produce antibodies
H and N
H means
hemaggultinate
N
nuramidase
influenza vaccine
change based on gene reassortment
-rarely see exact 2 years in a row
-based on strain seen year before
-new strain will have some genetic material from year before
contracted via rodents
hantavirus
-deer mouse is main reservoirs
where hantavirus discovered
4 corner states
-west of mississippi
what does hantavirus cause
pulmonary virus (HPS)
-deadly and affects the lungs
-can go into kidneys and cause death
second most common cause of the common cold
coronavirus
-called this because of coating around it
how corona spread
fomites, respiratory
SARS
sudden acute respiratory syndrome
-started at lab in China
-killed 20-45 year olds
older people has immunity
2 ways coronavirus left quickly in 2003
-people too sick to leave the house so people will isolated
-viremia: short lived presence of antigen, not spreading for long periods of time
MERS
middle east respiratory virus
-no global pandemic outbreak
potential source of MERS
bats
camels
how MERS spread
respiratory secretions
-mutation of coronavirus
COVID-19
mutated coronavirus
-range from mild, flu, to death
death more with comorbidity
describe how COVID -19 altered
Glycoprotein fit into ACE receptor (look and key)
ACE2 found in lungs, got into alveoli, inflamed and death
now believe covid-19 could have
latent effects
-remains in body for 14 months after original infection
-people who can’t clear antigen have long term effects
COVID-19 went under many what antigen _______
drifts
2 kinds of vaccine for COVID
messenger RNA
protein subunit
messenger RNA
- Created in the lab
- Causes formation of spike glycoprotein (like COVID one) so we would produce antibodies against it
protein subunit
- Used pieces of spike protein plus aguvent (component that makes particle stay in body longer, so immune system sees it longer)
parainfluenza seen in
-symptoms similar to common cold
-seen in younger children
leading cause of COUP and bronchitis
parainfluenza
-infections can lead to pneumonia
