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Systemic Pharmacology OPTM 5133 > Respiratory & Urologic > Flashcards

Respiratory & Urologic Flashcards

Drugs used to treat respiratory & urologic disease

1
Q

Which alpha-1 antagonists are used to treat BPH?

Hint: ending -osin

A

Tamsulosin
Doxasozin
Prazosin
Terazosin

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2
Q 
Name the (2) 5-alpha reductive inhibitors that treat BPH 
Hint: ending -asteride
A

Finasteride (Proscar & Propecia (for alopecia))

& dutasteride (Avodart)

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3
Q

What is the name & type of drug for overactive bladder?

A

Tolterodine; anticholinergic

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4
Q

What is the MOA of tolterodine? (for overactive bladder)

A

Blocks ACh from binding to bladder’s M3 receptors, inhibiting contraction

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5
Q

Name the drugs for gout

A

Allopurinol & probenecid

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6
Q

The 5 categories of drugs for asthma & COPD

A

bronchodilators, steroids, leukotriene antagonists, mucolytic, and expectorant

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7
Q

name the 3 types of bronchodilators

A

B2 (adrenergic) agonists, anticholinergic drugs aka muscarinic/cholinergic antagonists, and methylxanthine

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8
Q

MOA of B2 (adrenergic) agonists

A

stimulate B2 receptors on lungs, which causes bronchodilation

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9
Q

Names & MOA of cholinergic/muscarinic antagonists

A

Ipratropium, tiotropium;

inhibit M3 receptors on lungs; long-acting

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10
Q

MOA of methylxanthine (caffeine-like structure)

A

inhibits phosphodiesterase in bronchiole smooth muscle–>increase cAMP in bronchial smooth muscle
Also: rarely used due to narrow therapeutic index

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11
Q

Which (2) inhaled B2 agonists are fast & short acting?

A

albuterol, levalbuterol

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12
Q

Which inhaled B2 agonist is fast and long acting?

A

formoterol, always used with an inhaled steroid

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13
Q

which inhaled B2 agonist has a long duration + onset of action, (not used in acute attack)

A

salmeterol, always used with an inhaled steroid

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14
Q

name the (4) inhaled B2 agonists

A

albuterol, levalbuterol, salmeterol (slow), formoterol

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15
Q

which B2 agonists are always used with an inhaled steroid?

A

formoterol & salmeterol, which are both long acting

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16
Q

Ocular side effects of inhaled B2 agonists

A

increase IOP, (by B2 stimulation of NPCE of ciliary body–>aq. humor production)
reduced accommodation and blur (due to B2 stimulation on ciliary muscle)

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17
Q

systemic side effects of inhaled B2 agonists

A

tremors (due to skeletal muscle effects)

headache, anxiety, due to effects in brain

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18
Q

which (2) inhaled B2 agonists are fast & short acting?

A

albuterol & levalbuterol

19
Q

adverse effects of methylxanthines

A

headache, insomnia, increase BP & HR, seizures, , dehydration, anxious shakiness; low therapeutic index

20
Q

MOA of inhaled steroids

A

inhibit phospholipase A2, which blocks production of inflammatory cells, long-term

21
Q

Name of (3) inhaled steroids

A

budesonide, fluticasone, beclomethasone

22
Q

adverse effects of inhaled steroids

A

posterior subcapsular cataract, increased IOP & risk of prolonged bleeding, and oral thrush

23
Q

MOA of leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

inhibit binding of leukotrienes to lung receptors, relieving inflammation to open up airways; taken orally

24
Q

side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists (zafirlukast & montelukast)

A

headache, churg-strauss syndrome (rare vasculitis)

25
Q

MOA & side effect of acetylcysteine (mucolytic agent)

A

breaks disulfide bonds in mucus proteins to make it thinner & easier to clear out
Smells like sulfur (rotten eggs)

26
Q

What exactly is BPH?

benign prostate hyperplasia

A

Enlarged prostate keeps urethra from passing urine

27
Q

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?

A

potent form of testosterone involved in prostate tissue growth & male pattern hair loss (alopecia)

28
Q

(2) categories of drugs to treat BPH

A

alpha-1 antagonists (-osin)

5-alpha reductase inhibitors (-asteride)

29
Q

MOA of alpha-1 antagonists to treat BPH

A

relax smooth muscle in bladder & prostate, reducing obstruction & allowing stronger urine flow & complete bladder emptying

30
Q

Side effects of alpha-1 blockers

A

floppy iris syndrome (due to a1 inhibition at iris radial (dilator) muscle)
also vasodilation, blood pressure falls

31
Q

MOA of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for BPH treatment

A

block conversion of testosterone to DHT, eventually reducing prostate size

32
Q

side effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (-asteride)

A

gynecomastia: growth of breast gland tissue in males due to estrogen/testosterone imbalanca

33
Q

Drug category for erectile dysfunction

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

34
Q

MOA of PDE-5 inhibitors

A

prolong cGMP in corpus collosum to prolong muscle relaxation & vasodilation

35
Q

What do PDE-5 inhibitors treat?

A

impotence, pulmonary arterial hypertension, & altitude sickness, so also for women

36
Q

Name of (3) PDE-5 inhibitors

A

sildenafil (Viagra)
vardenafil (Levitra)
tadalafil (Cialis)

37
Q

SYSTEMIC side effects of PDE-5 inhibitors

A

orthostatic hypotension, fainting, headache, flushing, priapism (erection >4hrs)

38
Q

OCULAR side effects of PDE-5 inhibitors

A 
Photophobia, non-arteric ischemic optic neuropathy, Blurry vision/central haze, changes in light perception (flashing lights)
Cyanopsia: blue tint to vision
Conjunctiva hyperemia (red eye)
39
Q

Name, type, & MOA of drug for overactive bladder

A

tolterodine, a cholinergic antagonist, blocks ACh–M3 receptor binding on bladder to prevent contraction

40
Q

(5) side effects of tolterodine (anti-cholinergics)

A

Mydriasis (M3 inhibition at iris sphincter)
Increase IOP (if narrow angles, less aq. outflow)
Reduced accommodation (M2. M3 on ciliary muscle)
Dry mouth & eyes (M2,M3 inhibition at lacrimal gland)

41
Q

Allopurinol’s MOA

A

prevents urate/uric acid synthesis

42
Q

Probenecid’s MOA

A

increases renal excretion of uric acid

43
Q

side effects of allopurinol

A

rash/hives, if any

44
Q

side effects of probenecid

A

none known

Systemic Pharmacology OPTM 5133 (8 decks)

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