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D&T test 4 plus Viruses for Step One > Respiratory Tumors (nowacki) > Flashcards

Respiratory Tumors (nowacki) Flashcards

1
Q

what indoor pollutant increases risk of lung cancer

A

radon

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2
Q

what broad group of neoplasias are amenable to surgery

A

non-small cell carcinomas

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3
Q

Lung carcinomas are all M > F except which carcinoma

A

adenocarcinoma

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4
Q

What cell cuases malignancy in bronchioloavleolar carcinoma

A

Clara cells

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5
Q

Which lung carcinomas present in pts <40

A

Bronchial carcinoid tumor only

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6
Q

Which lung carcinomas present in pts > 40

A

SqCC, adeno, small cell, and large cell

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7
Q

Which lung carcinoma is the most likely to present with papneoplastic syndrome?

A

Small cell

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8
Q

Where to most lung carcinomas metastasize to?

A

Adrenal Gland

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9
Q

Wht is the most aggressive/ metastatic carcinoma?

A

Small cell carcinoma is very aggressive- metastasizes early and wide

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10
Q

which two carcinomas have the best prognosis

A

Adeno and SqCC

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11
Q

5 year survival for all lung cancers

A

15%

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12
Q

Which cancer is the most likely to have hypercalcemia?

A

SqCC

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13
Q

What syndromes is SCC associated with (3)?

A

Cushings
SIADH
Lambert-Eaton myasthennic syndrome

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14
Q

Cushings syndrome is caused by what deviation in what hormone

A

too much ACTH

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15
Q

What casues Lambert-Eaton myasthennic syndrome

A

(Abs against Ca channels)

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16
Q

What causes SIADH and what electrolyte disturbance results?

A
  • too much ADH

- -> reduced Na

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17
Q

carcinoid syndrome is caused by what 2 hormones

A

serotonin and bradykinin

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18
Q

What syndrome is SqCC associated with

A

PTHrP–> hypercalcemia

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19
Q

What 2 cytologic features is SqCC associated with

A

keratin pearls, intracellular bridges

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20
Q

What is the most common lung carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma

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21
Q

Where do adenocarcinomas present

A

in the periphery

22
Q

what is the stain associated with adenocarcinoma

A

mucin+

23
Q

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (aka? asociated with what type of growth?)

A

aka Adenocarcinoma in-situ. grows along alveolar septa.

24
Q

What 3 gene mutations are associated with adenocarcinoma

A

ALK, EGFR, KRAS

25
Q

What is important about the treatment of adenocarcinoma with certain mutations

A

KRAS mutations are not senstivie to EGFR tx

26
Q

if a patient is a non-smoker you should treat them with what type of drug and why?

A

a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-inhibitor) because most non-smokers have an EGFR mutation and not a KRAS mutation

27
Q

what cancer is granules in cells associated with?

A

SCC

28
Q

what are the neuroendocrine cells in SCC called

A

kulchitsky cells

29
Q

what stain do kultchitsky cells respond to

A

chromogranin A

30
Q

SCC stain with what 3 stains/markers

A

Stains with synaptophysin, CD56, and chromogranin A

31
Q

how does one identify Large cell carcinoma microscopically

A

undifferentiated- no glands, no squamous differentiation

32
Q

WHat is defining finding of Brochial Carcinoid tumors?

A

Polyp in a young person = bronchial carcinoid tumor

33
Q

Metastatic tumors that spread to the lungs through the blood are more often what type

A

sarcomas > carcinomas

which makes sense bc sarcomas are non-epithelial by definition

34
Q

Metastatic tumors that spread to the lungs through the lymph are more often what type

A

carcinomas > sarcomas

35
Q

What is light’s criteria for determining if pleural effusion is exudate

A

satisfying only one = exudate:
a. Pleural protein/Serum protein > 0.5
b. Pleural LDH/Serum LDH > 0.6
Pleural LDH >2/3 normal serum LDH

36
Q

Stat 6+, CD34 + test indicates what neoplasm

A

benign, soltary fibrous tumor (of pleura)

37
Q

soltary fibrous tumor is mc at what age

A

6th decade

38
Q

How long after asbestos exposure does mesothelioma present

A

Presents 25-45 years after asbestos exposure

39
Q

What is the Immunohistochemistry for mesotheliomas (2)

A

Calretin+, cytokeratin +

40
Q

TTF1 = what cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma ***he said this a billion times

41
Q

What is the classic stain for adenocarcinoma

A

mucicarmine +

42
Q

posterior mediastinal tumors are what broad type and what 2 specific types

A

Neurogenic: shwannoma, neurofibroma,

also lymphoma

43
Q

Thymomas classically present with what on exams? (2)

A

Myasthenia Gravis

also- pressure sx

44
Q

Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma presents with what classic pattern

A

15 year old males with a nosebleed

45
Q

wood/leather-working and their wives get what type of cancer

A

Intestinal type adenocarcinoma

46
Q

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is positive for what on stain?

A

pankeratin

47
Q

Olfactory Neuroblastoma: looks like what? what stain defines it

A

looks like SCC of lung

negative for keratin

48
Q

Which cancer is Associated with EBV

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

49
Q

What is the cornerstone of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tx?

A

Radiation

50
Q

Squamous papilloma of larynx is associated with what virus

A

HPV

51
Q

oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma stain

A

p16 +

52
Q

What does an increase in p16 lead to?

A

cell proliferation

D&T test 4 plus Viruses for Step One (5 decks)

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