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D&T test 4 plus Viruses for Step One > Lecture: D&T 4: Rhino, HCoV, Adeno, Orthomyxo > Flashcards

Lecture: D&T 4: Rhino, HCoV, Adeno, Orthomyxo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Major cell receptor for RV-A & B? (RV= Rhinovirus group A or B)

A

ICAM-1

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2
Q

What is the Minor cell receptor for RV-A & B? (RV= Rhinovirus)

A

(minor = LDL-receptor)

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3
Q

What is the cell receptor for RV-C? (RV= Rhinovirus)

A

Cadherin related family member 3 (CDHR3)

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4
Q

What is unique about RV replication/transmission among the Picornaviruses? and why?

A

It does not spread fecally/orally

becuase it is acid labile and can’t replicate in the GI tract

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5
Q

What is unique about RV infection properties among picorna?

A

It is a local infection with short incubation time

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6
Q

What is RV incubation time

A

1-2 days

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7
Q

What temp does RV grow

A

33

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8
Q

When are the Seasonal peak for RV infections? (2)

A

Sept/Oct, Arpil/May

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9
Q

Majority of summer URTIs are czed by what virus

A

RV

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10
Q

URTI with RV: what population gets the most and which gets fewest infections?

A

children- most

adults- fewest

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11
Q

What happens to cells RV infects? HCoV?

A 
RV = no cell death
HCoV = cell death
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12
Q

What do RV c infected cells release/ do?

A

release inflammatory cytokines that recurit neutrophils and Bradykinin –> sore throat

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13
Q

What causes Rhinorrhea?

A

Increase in vascular permeability-serum leaks into nasal mucosa –> rhinorrhea

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14
Q

What cuases increased mucus secretion in RV infx?

A

parasympathetic activation of the seromucous glands will increase mucus secretion

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15
Q

What causes mucus change in color

A

myeloperoxidase enzyme from neutrophils has iron cofactor (does not matter if viral or bacterial)

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16
Q

4 complications of URTI with RV

A

a. Sinus blockage-80%
b. ~5% get bacterial sinusitis
c. Pressure in middle ear (75%)
d. Acute bacterial otitis media in 1/3 children

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17
Q

2 treatments for RV URTI

A

a. Vasoconstriction via Alpha-adrenergic agonists

Anticholinergics (activity seen in 1st-Gen antihistamines, NOT 2nd Gen)

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18
Q

What are the implications of wheezing w/ rhinovirus infection before age 3

A

higher chance of developing asthma

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19
Q

RV infx causes exacerbations of what two conditioins

A

asthma and COPD

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20
Q

Which virus is 2nd MC cause of common cold

A

Human Corona Virus

21
Q

When is the peak of HCoV infx

A

in Winter

22
Q

Where do SARS and MERS replicate

A

in both the URT and GI tract

23
Q

name the viruses that cause the common cold from most to least commmon (7)

A

RV, HCoV, Influenza, Adeno, Parainfluenza, Respiratory synctial, Metapneumovirus

24
Q

Which 3 viruses cause Community acquired PNA in kids

A

RV, Adenovirus, Corona

25
Q

What type of transmission gopes into upper airway? lower?

A

upper- large droplet (sneezing, coughing: 3-6 feet)

Lower- Aoerosols (sneezing, coughing, breathing)

26
Q

Major transmission vectors of RV? (3)

A

major = direct contact

also droplet, fomites

27
Q

does alcohol work for RV?

A

yes

28
Q

What is the genetic material, shape, presence of absence of envelope of adenovirus

A

linear, ss+DNA, Naked,

29
Q

What 4 epithelial linings does the Adenovirus infect

A

Epithelium of the:

a. Respiratory tract
b. Intestine
c. Eye
d. Urinary tract

30
Q

What 2 ways can Adenovirus be transmitted?

A

Respiratory, fecal-oral

31
Q

What is the warning for using alpha-adrenergic agonists sprays in RV URTIs?

A

If you use them for more than 3 days there will be a rebound effect

32
Q

what is the major receptor for Adenovirus

A

CAR- Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor

33
Q

What cell type is seen in Adenovirus PNA

A

“Smudge cell” (occurs bc it is DNA virus and replicates in nucleus!)

34
Q

What adenovirus types infect military recruits (3)

A

3, 4, 7

35
Q

What adenovirus types cuase common URTIs

A

1-7

36
Q

What Adenovrirus types cause Gastroenteritis

A

40, 41

37
Q

What Adenovrirus types cause Epidemic keratoconjuctivitis in adults and kids (3)

A

8, 19, 37

38
Q

What Adenovirus types cuase Pharyngoconjunctival fever (2)

A

3,7

39
Q

What Adenovirus types cuase Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

7, 11, 21

40
Q

what is in the Adenovirus vaccine given to the military (virus type,

A

Vaccine is a live adenovirus 4 and 7

41
Q

how does the Adenovirus vaccine work?

A

Gelatin coated–> GI tract –> replicates without symptoms –> protective immunity (some cross reactivity with other strains

42
Q

What are the 2 eye infections caused by adenovirus, type of adenovirus (#) if the infections have complications and ease of spread.

A

Pharyngoconjunctival Fever (3,7) = swimmingpool conjuctivitis

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis 8, 19, 37 = ship yard eye

43
Q

What are complications of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever

A

triad of pharyngitis, conjuctivitis, fever

44
Q

What are complications of Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

A

Follicular conjunctivitis–> keratitis (+/- subepithelial infiltrates) -can be painful with blurry vision

Also Preauricular lymphadenopathy (in front of the ear), pharyngitis, rhinitis

45
Q

How long does the Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis last

A

Can take one month to resolve and patient may have corneal opacities that persist for months to years

46
Q

How long does adenovirus last on surfaces

A

35 days on metal, 49 on plastic

47
Q

what two infections are seen in Adenovirus outside the RT?

A

Gastroenteritis 40, 41

Hemorrhagic cystitis (7, 11, 21)

48
Q

what virus causes 75% of croup

A

paramyxo

49
Q

Which viruses cause bronchiolitis (7)

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) , metapneumovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus

D&T test 4 plus Viruses for Step One (5 decks)

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