Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
What are symptoms of bronchitis?
Cough and thick green sputum
What can be used to treat bronchitis?
Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
Macrolide
What are the classifications pneumonia?
Bronchopenumonia
Lobar pneumonia
Community acquried
Hospital acquired
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Purulent sputum Deterioration in blood gases Radiological changes Shortness of breath Increased WBC count Pyrexia and fever Decreased blood pressure Myalgia / arthralgia
How is pneumonia diagnosed?
Sputum gram stain
x-ray
Sputum and blood culture
How is viral community acquired pneumonia treated?
Zanamir
Oseltamivir
Influenza A and B vaccines
How is bacterial community acquired pneumonia treated?
Mild - oral amoxicillin - 5 days
Moderate - oral amoxicillin and clarithromycin - 7-10 days
Severe - co-amoxiclav
What is CURB65?
Method of determining severity of pneumonia Confusion Urea >7mmol/L Resp rate >30b/m B SBP<90mmHg or DBP <60mmHg 65 age
What are the main causes of community acquired pneumonia in children?
Strep pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What are the BTS guidelines for admission of infants?
O2 saturations <92% Resp rate >70breaths/min Difficulty breathing Intermittent apnoea / grunting Not feeding Family can't support
When would macrocodes be added to treatment for a child?
They aren’t first line - added if there is no response or atypical pneumonia is suspected
Which patients are at high risk of hospital acquired pneumonia?
Mechanical ventilated
Recent surgery
Immunosuppressed
Recent broad spectrum antibiotics
What causes aspiration pneumonia?
Inhalation of gastric contents
