Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
Viruses that cause coryza
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Complications of coryza
Sinusitis, Acute Bronchitis
Clinical presentation of coryza
Mild fever, sore throat, malaise chills. Symptoms subside over few days without treatment.
What is quinsy?
Tonsillar abcess of pus. Rare.
Why is diphtheria life-threatening?
Bacteria creates pseudo-membrane visible on pharynx that can block airway.
Symptom characteristic of partially blocked airway?
Stridor - high pitched grating sound on inspiration. Heard diphtheria and acute epiglottitis
Acute bronchitis clinical presentation
Productive cough, normal chest X ray and examination, fever and wheeze may be seen.
Acute bronchitis prognosis is
Usually self limiting and antibiotics are not indicated. Can lead to morbidiity in patients with chronic lung disease.
Respiratory syncytial virus incubation time is
7 days
Acute exacerbation of COPD clinical presentation
Usually preceded by upper respiratory tract infection Increased sputum production Increased sputum purulence More wheezy Breathless
Acute exacerbation of COPD on examination?
Respiratory Distress Wheeze Coarse crackles May be cyanosed In advanced disease – ankle oedema
Management exacerbation COPD
Antibiotic. e.g. doxycycline or amoxicillin
Bronchodilator inhalers
Short course of steroids in some cases
Evidence of respiratory failure- oxygen
What is alveoli infiltrate?
Opacification of alevoli due to them filling with blood, pus or fluid, usually around seen around the bronchi in film. It is a sign for pneumonia
What is consolidation?
When the lung tissue is filled with blood, pus or fluid resulting in the swelling or hardening of lung tissue. It is a sign of pneumonia
Clinical presentation of pneumonia?
Malaise Sweats Rigors Myalgia Arthralgia Headache Cough Pleuritic Pain Haemoptysis Dyspnea
Signs of pneumonia
Tachypnoea- rapid breathing Crackles Pleural Rub Cyanosis Hypotension Consolidationon CXR Pleural effusion on CXR Alveolar Infiltrate on CXR
What is a common complication of pneumococcal disease?
Reactivation of herpes labialis
How do you assess the severity of pneumonia?
C New onset of confusion U Urea >7 R Respiratory rate >30/min B Blood pressure Systolic <90 OR Diastolic <61 65 age 65 years or older
What is empyema?
Pus in pleural space. Complication of pneumonia. CXR dulling of costophrenic angles. Excess can impair breathing and cause orthopnea.
What is pleural effusion?
Fluid in pleural space, can be serous fluid, pus or blood. Complication of pneumonia. CXR dulling of costophrenic angles. Excess can impair breathing and cause orthopnea.
Investigations for suspected pneumonia would be?
Blood culture Serology Arterial gases Full blood count Urea Liver function Chest X-ray
Treatment for community aquired pneumonia?
Antibiotics Amoxicillin Doxycycline Oxygen Maintain SaO2 94-98 % or 88-92 % Fluids Bed rest No smoking
