Lung Mechanics (physio 2)

Question 1

What are the major inspiratory muscles?

Answer 1

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Question 2

What are the accessory muscles of INSPIRATION?

Answer 2

Sternocleidomastoid, scalenus, pectoral

Question 3

What the accessory muscles of EXPIRATION?

Answer 3

Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles

Question 4

What is total lung capacity?

Answer 4

Total volume of air the lungs can hold

Calculated by adding residual volume and vital capacity

Question 5

What is residual volume?

Answer 5

Minimum volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a maximal expiration

Question 6

What is vital capacity

Answer 6

Maximum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath following a maximal inspiration
= tidal volume + IRV +ERV

Question 7

What is tidal volume?

Answer 7

Volume of air entering or leaving lungs during a single breath

Question 8

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 8

Extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired over and above the typical resting tidal volume

Question 9

What is Expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 9

Extra volume of air that can be actively expired by maximal contraction beyond the normal volume of air after a resting tidal volume

Question 10

What is inspiratory capacity?

Answer 10

Maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal quiet expiration
(IC =IRV + TV)

Question 11

WHat is Functional Residual Capacity (FRC?

Answer 11

Volume of air in lungs at end of normal passive expiration (FRC = ERV + RV)

Question 12

When does the residual volume increase?

Answer 12

the elastic recoil of the lungs is lost e.g. in emphysema

Question 13

Residual volume can be measured by spiromotry t/f

Answer 13

F

Question 14

What is the spiromtery pattern for restrictive disease?

Answer 14

low FVC and FEV1 - no fall in ratio

Question 15

What is the spiromtery pattern for obstructive disease?

Answer 15

drop in FEV1 only

fall in FEV1/FVC ratio (<70%)