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1MB Respiratory > Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is coryza?

A

Common cold - acute inflammation of nasal passages

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2
Q

How does diphtheria present?

A

Sore throat, low fever and pseudomembrane on tonsils/pharynx/nasal cavity

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3
Q

Describe acute epiglottitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis obstructs the vocal folds/trachea: life-threatening in children

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4
Q

What are some symptoms of acute bronchitis?

A 
Productive cough (with fever in minority)
Transient wheeze
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5
Q

CXR and chest examinations are usually normal in acute bronchitis. True/False?

A

True

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6
Q

Are antibiotics indicated in acute bronchitis?

A

No, unless there is underlying (chronic) lung disease

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7
Q

Abdominal pain is not a symptom of pneumonia. True/False?

A

False

It could well be

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8
Q

What does CURB65 stand for? When is it used?

A 
Confusion
Urea more than 7
Resp rate more than 30
BP less than 90/61
65 yrs old
Used to assess community-acquired pneumonia
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9
Q

What is the commonest pathogenic cause of pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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10
Q

What is special about legionella-acquired pneumonia?

A

Chest symptoms may be absent - usually more GI disturbance

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11
Q

How does influenza present?

A

High fever of abrupt onset
Malaise and myalgia
Headache
Cough (initially dry and painful)

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12
Q

Haemophilus influenzae is the primary cause of flu. True/False?

A

False

May be secondary invader

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13
Q

Which influenza virus is present in pandemics?

A

Influenza A

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14
Q

When are antivirals given for flu?

A

When patient is at risk of complications (such as pneumonia)

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15
Q

Give examples of 2 antivirals

A

Oseltamavir

Zanamivir

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16
Q

Which disease(s) arises due to Coxiella burnetti?

A

Pneumonia
Q fever
Endocarditis

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17
Q

What is bronchiolitis? Who is mainly affected?

A

LRTI common in babies and young children

Similar symptoms to a cold

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18
Q

Which virus is responsible for 90% of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

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19
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Local collection of pus

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20
Q

Which 3 main types of virus cause coryza?

A

Rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses

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21
Q

What is ottis media?

A

Sore ear

22
Q

How does sinusitis present?

A

Frontal headache, facial pain
Purulent rhinorrhoea
Fever

23
Q

What does xylometazoline do?

A

Nasal decongestant

24
Q

Which group of viruses most commonly cause pharyngitis?

A

Adenoviruses

25
Q

What is laryngotracheobronchitis? Who is it most severe in?

A

Inflammatory oedema that can affect vocal cords, usually following parainfluenza infection
Most severe in kids under 3yrs

26
Q

How would acute epiglottitis be treated?

A

Urgent endotracheal intubation

IV antibiotics

27
Q

How quickly can influenza viruses incubate?

A

3 days

28
Q

H5N1 flu strain is passed from pigs. True/False?

A

False

H1N1 is in pigs

29
Q

Which flu strain is passed from birds to humans?

A

H5N1

30
Q

Which patients are at risk of acute bronchitis?

A

Bacterially infected

COPD

31
Q

Antibiotics would immediately be given to acute bronchitis patients. True/False?

A

False

Only given if underlying lung disease present

32
Q

Describe chest pain in pneumonia

A

Usually pleuritic

33
Q

Describe treatment for mild/moderate CAP

A

Amoxicillin IV for 7 days

Doxycycline if pen-allergic

34
Q

Describe treatment for severe CAP

A

Co-amoxiclav IV + Clarythromicin IV
(Levofloxacin if pen-allergic)
Step down to Doxycycline
Total duration = 10 days

35
Q

Describe treatment for non-severe HAP

A

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole for 7 days

36
Q

Describe treatment for severe HAP

A

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin for 10 days

37
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

Abnormal fixed dilation of bronchi, resulting in inflammation and build-up of mucus

38
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchiectasis?

A

Cystic fibrosis

39
Q

What is halitosis?

A

Bad breath

40
Q

What happens clinically in bronchiectasis?

A

Recurrent bacterial infections

Productive cough

41
Q

Which antibiotic is given for mild bronchiectasis?

A

Cefaclor/Ciprofloxacin

Flucloxacillin if S. aureus

42
Q

Which antibiotic is given for persistent bronchiectasis?

A

Ceftazidime

43
Q

Erythema marginatum is present in sarcoidosis. True/False?

A

False

Erythema nodosum, not marginatum

44
Q

What happens to calcium and ACE levels in sarcoidosis?

A

They are raised

45
Q

What is Wegener’s Granulomatosis?

A

Granulomatous disease affecting small arteries

Severe rhinorrhea with ulcers ensue

46
Q

What is Churg-Strauss Syndrome?

A

Eosinophilic infilatration causing vasculitis of small arteries and veins

47
Q

A history of rhinitis and asthma is typical in C-S syndrome. True/False?

A

True

48
Q

C-S syndrome produces ANCA +ve test result. True/False?

A

True

49
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Autosomal recessive disorder in which there is a defect in the CFTR gene of chromosome 7

50
Q

List some symptoms of CF

A 
Thick sputum
Recurrent infections
Malabsorption
Steatorrhoea
Abnormal teenage milestones

1MB Respiratory (13 decks)

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