Respiratory Management Flashcards
What is meant by hypoxia?
Lack of tissue oxygen
What is meant by hypoxaemia?
Lack of oxygen in the blood
In COPD patients, we aim for SaO2 of between __ and __ %
88 and 92
What are the 4 main buffers of pH in the body?
Bicarbonate, Haemoglobin, Ammonium, Phosphate
Define acidaemia
pH less than 7.5
Define acidosis
A process by which the blood contains excess acid
Define alkalaemia
pH greater than 7.45
Define alkalosis
A process by which the blood contains excess base
Respiratory changes are monitored by looking at CO2 concn. True/False?
True
Metabolic changes are monitored by looking at [H+]. True/False?
False
Look at HCO3 concn
Metabolic compensation is rapid. True/False?
False
It is slow
Respiratory compensation is rapid. True/False?
True
If pH is low, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is normal, this is what?
Respiratory acidosis
If pH is high, PCO2 is normal, HCO3 is high, this is what?
Metabolic alkalosis
If pH is low, PCO2 is normal, HCO3 is low, this is what?
Metabolic acidosis
If pH is high, PCO2 is low, HCO3 is normal, this is what?
Respiratory alkalosis
If pH is normal, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is high, this is what?
Compensated respiratory acidosis OR
Compensated metabolic alkalosis
If pH is normal, PCO2 is low, HCO3 is low, this is what?
Compensated respiratory alkalosis OR
Compensated metabolic acidosis
If pH is low, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is high, this is what?
Decompensated respiratory acidosis
pH went down as PCO2 went up; compensation occurred by HCO3 increasing to bring pH to normal; PCO2 went up further to cause lower pH again
BE greater than +2 indicates what?
Metabolic alkalosis
BE less than -2 indicates what?
Metabolic acidosis
PEFR in obstructive disease is reduced. True/False?
True
PEFR in restrictive disease is reduced. True/False?
False
It is usually normal
FEV1 is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?
True
FEV1 is reduced in restrictive disease. True/False?
True
FVC is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?
False
Can be normal in asthmatics
FVC is reduced in restrictive disease. True/False?
True
FEV1/FVC is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?
True
FEV1/FVC is the same in restrictive disease. True/False?
True
Which substances are used for bronchial challenge testing?
Methacholine, histamine, mannitol
What is Respiratory Failure?
Hypoxia (PaO2 less than 8kPa) with/without hypercapnia, occuring when gas exchange is inadequate
What is ARDS?
Respiratory stress due to stiff lungs and impaired gas exchange
What are the main causes of ARDS?
Lung injury
Severe sepsis
Pneumonia
