Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards
Abx indicated in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis if…
inc breathlessness
inc vol sputum
inc sputum purulence
most common colonisers of LRT from URT…
h influenzae and s pneumoniae
treatment of exacerbated chronic bronchitis
b lactam antibiotic - amoxicillin, tetracycline, macrolide eg. erythromycin
Causes of exacerbated chronic bronchitis
!!! - h influenzae
!! - m cattarhalis
!- s pneumoniae
commonest pneumonia pathogens
h influenzae and s pneumoniae
requires haemin and NAD for growth
h influenzae
more in lung disease and smokers
h influenzae
more in elderly/comprimised
s pneumoniae
strep pneumoniae vaccine
pcv 13 and ppv23 - over 65s and kids
20% beta lactamase positive
h influenzae
causes meningitis and epiglottitis
h influenzae
causes lobar and broncho pneumonia
s pneumoniae
can cause empyema and meningitis
s pneumoniae
alpha haemolytic, gram pos diplococcus
strep pneumoniae
gram neg bacillus
h influenzae
atypical pneumonias do not respond to…
penicillins/sulfonamides
non productive cough, fever, headache, non specific viral symptoms, non lobar patchy cxr looking worse than expected
atypical pneumonia
lacks peptidoglycan cell wall, resistant to beta lactams
mycoplasma pneumoniae
assoc with air conditioning and travel
legionella pneumophila (within macrophages)
detection of legionella
urine antigen
treatment of legionella
macrolides/quinolones +/- rifampicin
bird contact
chlamydophila pneumoniae (mild), chlamydophila psittaci (severe)
causes Q fever
coxiella burnetii
lung abcess microbes
staph aureus, pseudomonas, strep pyogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae (anaerobes)
treatment of lung abcess
antibiotics 4-6 wks , drain pus
pleural effusion/ empyema microbes
s pneumoniae
h influenzae
s aureus
strep pyogenes
treatment of pleural effusion/ empyema
abx 2-4 wks, drainage
