Anatomy

Question 1

Atypical ribs

Answer 1

1-2, 10-12

Question 2

Atypical vertebrae

Answer 2

1, 10-12

Question 3

Primary cartilaginous joints (synchondroses)

Answer 3

xiphisternal, costochondral

Question 4

Secondary cartilaginous joints (symphyses)

Answer 4

manubriosternal, intervertebral

Question 5

Double saddle joint (plane synovial)

Answer 5

sternoclavicular

Question 6

Plane synovial

Answer 6

costotransverse, costovertebral, interchondral (ribs 5-10), sternocostal

Question 7

T8

Answer 7

IVC and r phrenic nerve

Question 8

T10

Answer 8

oesophagus, vagus, left gastric vessels

Question 9

T12

Answer 9

aorta, azygous vein, thoracic duct

Question 10

Hernias

Answer 10

congenital: 85% bochdalek’s (PL), 5% Morgani’s (A)

hiatus = acquired

Question 11

Costal/cervical parietal pleura innervation

Answer 11

intercostal n.

Question 12

Diaphragmatic/mediastinal parietal pleura innervation

Answer 12

phrenic n.

Question 13

Visceral pleura innervation

Answer 13

vagus n.

Question 14

Pleura cell type

Answer 14

mesothelial

Question 15

Accessory muscles of breathing (6)

Answer 15

1. S.C.M
2. Trapezius and lat dorsi
3. pecs min and maj
4. scalenes
5. erector spinae
6. quad lumborum

Question 16

Lower margin of lung

Answer 16

Mid clavicular - 6th rib
Mid axillary - 8th rib
Angle of rib - 10th

Question 17

Lower margin of pleura

Answer 17

Mid clavicular - 8th rib
Mid axillary - 10th rib
Angle of rib - 12th rib

Question 18

Curve around heart

Answer 18

left - 4-6th

Question 19

Apex of lung and pleura

Answer 19

2cm above clavicle

Question 20

Right lung fissures

Answer 20

Oblique - t4 - back
6th costal cartilage at front

Horizontal - 5th rib (mid axillary)
4th costal cartilage at sternum

3 lobes (auscultate upper and middle anteriorly, lower posteriorly)

Question 21

Left lung fissures

Answer 21

Oblique only

Question 22

pleural effusion procedures

Answer 22

thoracentesis and pleurodesis

Question 23

Chest decompression for tension pneumothorax

Answer 23

needle in 2nd ICS (mid clavicular) - relieve pressure

needle in 5th ICS (mid axillary) superior border - remove fluid

Question 24

safe zone

Answer 24

between pec major, lat dorsi, base of axilla and 5th ICS

Question 25

PRIMARY pneumothorax

Answer 25

tall young men

Question 26

SECONDARY pneumothorax

Answer 26

COPD/emphysema

Question 27

innervation of maxillary sinus (3)

Answer 27

V2, infraorbital, greater palatine

Question 28

epistaxis due to anastomosis between…

Answer 28

sphenopalatine branch of maxillary and superior labial branch of facial

Question 29

stertor

Answer 29

obstruction above larynx (pharynx)

Question 30

causes of stertor (4)

Answer 30

inflamed pharyngeals (adenoids)
palatine
obstructive sleep apnoea
foreign body

Question 31

stridor

Answer 31

obstruction at level of larynx

Question 32

stridor causes (2)

Answer 32

epiglottis, foreign body

Question 33

nasopharynx - from… to…

Answer 33

base of skull, soft palate

Question 34

nasopharynx contains…

Answer 34

adenoid tonsils

Question 35

oropharynx from… to…

Answer 35

soft palate, sup border of epiglottis

Question 36

oropharynx contains…

Answer 36

palatine tonsils

Question 37

laryngopharynx from… to…

Answer 37

sup border epiglottis, inf border of cricoid (C6)

Question 38

blood supply to pharynx

Answer 38

branches of facial, maxillary, laryngeal and lingual

Question 39

venous drainage of pharynx

Answer 39

int jugular vein

Question 40

lymph drainage of pharynx

Answer 40

retropharyngeal –> deep cervical

Question 41

pharynx motor supply

Answer 41

all vagus except stylopharyngeus (IX)

Question 42

nasopharynx sensory

Answer 42

maxillary n.

Question 43

oropharynx sensory

Answer 43

glossopharyngeal n.

Question 44

laryngopharynx sensory

Answer 44

vagus n.