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BDS1 Respiratory System > Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory tract?

A

The process of respiration

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2
Q

What are the 2 components of the respiratory tract?

A
  • Upper respiratory tract

- Lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

What is included within the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Nose
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Mouth (including tonsils)
  • Thorax/pharynx
  • Larynx (then down into the lower respiratory tract)
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4
Q

How would you treat a nose bleed?

A
  • Tilt head forwards
  • Pinch nose at bridge of nose (part with cartilage)
  • If after 10/15 minutes it hasn’t stopped - really serious
  • Use a tissue to put pressure on the nose (nasal packing)
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5
Q

What is included in the external portion of the nose?

A
  • Protuberance is nostrils
  • Central, midline of face
  • Skin, muscle, bone, and HYALNE cartilage
  • Lined by mucous membranes
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6
Q

What is included in the internal portion of the nose?

A
  • Nasal cavity Which is superior and posterior to the nose, inferior and anterior to the cranial fossa and superior to the mouth
  • Ducts from paranasal sinuses open in the internal portion of the nose, as well as nasolacrimal ducts
  • Nasal septum
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7
Q

What is the nasal septum made from?

A

Cartilage and bones

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8
Q

What is the type of epithelium in the respiratory segment of the nose?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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9
Q

What is the type of epithelium in the olfactory segment of the nose?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium + olfactory receptors

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10
Q

What is the name of the only nerve in the body that is able to completely regenerate?

A

The olfactory nerve

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11
Q

What is the function of the chonchae/turbinates inside the nose?

A

Warms and filters air

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12
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • Vocal resonance

- Modification of speech

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13
Q

What are sinuses?

A

Air-filled spaces within the bones of the skull and the face

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14
Q

What is an oral-antral fistula?

A
  • An opening is created between a paranasal sinus and the mouth
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15
Q

What is the definition of a fistula?

A

Abnormal communication existing between 2 epithelium lined organs that do not normally connect

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16
Q

What is the pharynx and what does it do?

A
  • Muscular tube - from base of skull to oesophagus
  • Conducts air
  • Muscles direct food to oesophagus
  • 3 parts: naso-, oro-, and laryngo-
17
Q

What is included within the lower respiratory tact?

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • R and L bronchus
  • Lungs
  • Blood - air barrier
18
Q

What is another name for the larynx and what is its function?

A
  • Voicebox - sounds are generated here
  • From C3-6
  • Act as a sphincter
19
Q

What is the hyoid bone and what is its function?

A
  • The only bone in the body not joined to any other bone

- Helps open the larynx

20
Q

What is another name for the thyroid cartilage?

A
  • Adams apple
21
Q

What is different about cricoid cartilage?

A

Only cartilage that forms a complete ring of cartilage around the pharynx

22
Q

What is included in the skeleton of the larynx?

A
  • Arytenoid cartilage (x2)
  • Corniculate (x2) and cuneiform (x2)
  • Epiglottis (x1)
23
Q

What does the vocal cord sit below in the larynx?

A

The ventricle

24
Q

What procedure can be done if there is an obstruction above the vocal fold in the larynx and what could have caused this obstruction?

A
  • Cricothyroidotomy
  • When there is a foreign object in the upper airway
  • Facial trauma
  • Oedema of glottis (excessive accumulation of fluid, mainly water, in the tissue spaces of the body. A swelling caused by fluid accumulation in the soft tissue of the larynx)
25
Q

How long is the trachea?

A
  • 4-5 inches long
26
Q

Where does the trachea begin?

A

At C6 (lower cricoid)

27
Q

How many incomplete cartilaginous rings (C-shaped) are there in the trachea?

A

15-20

28
Q

What is the trachea wall composed of?

A
  • Fibrous tissue
  • Cartilage maintains patent airway
  • No cartilage posteriorly
  • Instead there is smooth muscle called trachealis
29
Q

What is trachealis?

A

The smooth muscle that makes up the posterior side of the trachea

30
Q

When would a tracheostomy be carried out?

A
  • Acutely ill patients
  • Long term mechanical ventilation
  • Where failed endotracheal intubation has occurred
31
Q

What is the right bronchus like compared to the left bronchus?

A
  • Vertical, greater dimeter and shorter than left main bronchus
32
Q

Which bronchus is a foreign body more likely to go down?

A

The right bronchus

33
Q

How many lobes are in the left bronchus?

A

2 lobes:

  • Left
  • Right
34
Q

How many lobes are in the right bronchus?

A

3 lobes:

  • Left
  • Right
  • Middle
35
Q

What are the functions of surfactant cells in the alveoli?

A
  • Surfactant reduces the surface tension of fluid in the lungs and helps make the small air sacs in the lungs more stable. This keeps them from collapsing when an individual exhales. In preparation for breathing air, foetuses begin making surfactant while still in the womb. Babies that are born very prematurely often lack adequate surfactant and must receive surfactant replacement therapy immediately after birth in order to breath

BDS1 Respiratory System (8 decks)

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