Respiratory Toxicology Flashcards
Injury to airway epithelium can lead by direct or indirect mechanisms to
contraction of airway smooth muscle and/or to altered secretion of mucus, either of which can result in obstruction of airflow and hypoxia.
Destroyed airway epithelium can be repaired through
the proliferation of precursor cells, such as clara cells and serous cells, and their differentiation into other epithelial cell types
Mechanism of lung injury via pulmonary vessels
- Inflammation
- Structural remodeling
- Compensatory hypertrophy
- Pulmonary hypertension
Response of the pulmonary parenchyma to toxic injury
- Injury to epithelial cells, leading to oedema
The result of oxidative stress on the lung is
Pulmonary fibrosis
Antioxidant strategies in lung injury
- Enzymatic scavengers
- Antioxidant enzymes
Local defenses in the lungs
- Secretoryimmunoglobulins(IgA)
- Collectins,defensins, surfactant
- Proteases,reactive oxygen species, andreactive nitrogen species.
The respiratory toxicity of gases and vapors is determined for several different physical and chemical properties.
These factors include:
Chemical dose
Water solubility
Chemical reactivity
