respiratory - topic 2 Flashcards
how do you calculate ventilation?
Ve (total ventilation) = Vt (tidal Volume) x f (frequency)
what is the average tidal volume?
500 ml
how is Vt measured?
spirometry
what is TLC?
total lung capacity - very bottom to very top
what is IC?
inspiratory capacity - very top to normal expiration
what is IRV?
inspiratory reserve volume - very top to normal inspiration
what is ERV?
expiratory reserve volume - accessible bottom to normal expiration
what is VC?
vital capacity - very top to accessible bottom
what is RV?
reserve value - accessible bottom to very bottom
what is Vt?
tidal volume - normal expiration to normal inspiration
what is FVC?
forced vital capacity - usually achieved in 2.5 seconds, can measure FEV1, FEV2, etc
what are the two types of airway diseases?
obstructive and restrictive
what are obstructive diseases?
decreases in airway diameter (asthma)
what are restrictive diseases?
not possible to fully fill lungs
what happens to FEV1 in lung diseases?
lower in obstructive, and the same in restrictive
what happens to FVC in lung diseases?
lower in both
what happens to the FEV / FVC percentage in lung disease?
much lower in obstructive, often higher in restrictive
how do you calculate vital capacity?
IRV + TV + ERV
how do you calculate inspiratory capacity
IRV + TV
how do you calculate functional residual capacity?
RV + ERV
what is FRC?
functional residual capacity - normal expiration to very bottom
how do you calculate total lung capacity?
VC + RV or IC + FRC
what happens in asthma?
bronchoconstriction is caused by too much mucous inflammation
