respiratory - topic 1 Flashcards
what is external respiration?
respiration between the lungs and blood
what is internal respiration?
respiration between the bloodstream and tissues/cells
what needs to be matched for respiration to work?
ventilation and perfusion
what are the two types of alveoli?
type 1 - thin and flat for gas exchange
type 2 - cuboidal and produce pulmonary surfactant
which type of alveoli can differentiate into the other type?
type 2 into type 1
what is the visceral pleura attached to?
the lung (inner pleura)
what is the parietal pleura attached to?
interior thoracic wall and diaphragm (outer pleura)
what is the pressure of the intrapleural fluid?
subatmospheric - Pip
what muscles are used in normal inspiration?
external intercostals and diaphragm
what muscles are used in normal expiration?
none
what muscles are used in forced inspiration?
scalene muscles and sternomastoids
what muscles are used in forced expiration?
internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
what are the two zones of the airway?
conducting and respiratory
what makes up the respiratory zone?
respiratory bronchioles and alveolar parts
how does air move to the terminal bronchioles?
bulk flow, after that - diffusion
what is the conducting zone?
anatomical dead space without gas exchange
how much air is left in the conducting zone?
around 150ml or 30% of each breath
what is the mucocillary system?
combination of mucus layer with beating cilia that bring medium sized particles back up to throat to cough up/swallow
what is the one example of activation in the respiratory system?
angiotensin 1 -> angiotensin 2 (by ACE - angiotensin activating enzyme)
