Respiratory system2 Flashcards
about respiratory diseases
which one is generelize and localize in lungs?
1_Asthma, chronic obstruction pulmonary d
2_Bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchoctasis
what’s the most common bronchial disease?
Asthma with 8-10% of population
what is Asthma?
it’s a chronic airway disease, which can occur in childhood “early onset”, or in middle age” late onset”.
what causes Asthma?
broncho constriction of bronchi and bronchioles, inflammation leading to mucoid odema, over secretions, all of them make narrowing of bronchi.
what is the main cause for Asthma?
and what is the predisposing factors?
Allergy “Atopy”
obesity is a risk factor.
exposure to allergins
what’s the complain in patients with B. A?
1_wheesing
2_dyspnae
3_chest tightness
4_productive cough “viscous white graish mucoid sputum”
5_A history of Allergic disease “high fever
6_allergic dermatitis
7_eczema
Mention the risk factors of B. A.
CDTREE 1_cold 2 dust, drugs"Aspirin, non steroid antiinflammatory drugs "NSAID" Trophine, voltarin" 3 Tobacco, smoking 4 RT infection "flue" 5 excersie 6 emotional stress 7 occupatiomal hazards "textiles, glutaraldehyde".
mention the physical signs you can see in Asthmatic patients.
1_ deffuse wheesing when ausculating the chest bilaterally.
at first prolonged expi phase +expi wheesing
in severe cases ins, expi wheesing
in life threating B.A scilent chest.
2_pulse: tachycardia
3b. p, pulsus paradoxes “dropping of systolic pressure less than 10 mmhg during inspiration.
4 activation of accessory muscles of inspiration
5_pectus carniatum” pigeon chest in early onset B. A
How to manage a case with life threating B. A?
give 200 mg hydrocortisone
high flow oxygen.
What’s the possible complications of Asthma?
1_Dehydration 2_respiratory infection 3_pneumothorax 4_syncope 5_headache
How to differentiate between B. A and Cardiac Asthma?
B. A. no respiratory crackles no pulmanry congestion no lower limb oedema no engorgement of jagular v not inproved by furosemide
C. A
in congestive heart failure patient develop dyspnea
there is wheesing and fine basal respiratory crackles
+pulmonary congestion
+liwer limb oedema
+ engorgment of jagular v
symptoms relieved by lasix “furosemide.
Why do we hear wheesing more in peripheral?
becuase the small bronchioles are more in periphery.
what’s the disease that cause nocturnal wheezy cough and why?
B. A
because of the bronch motor tone espi”3-4”A. m
so more brocho spasm
what’s the types of bronchitis and which one is the commener
acute, commoner
chronic
when dose acute bronchitis occurs?
and what is the symptoms?
in post upper respiratory tract infection specially in winter.
1_flue symptoms
2_after few days “productive cough, mucoid yellow sputum.(presenting manifistaion)
3_slight dyspnea
4_chest tightness
How can you treat acute bronchitis?
it relieves spontaneously after treating the underlying cause, which is the U. R. T infection
what’s chronic bronchitis? and caused by what?
It’s a chronic productive cough for more than three months for two successive years.
most common cause is smoking and air pollution.
what’s the time related relation of caugh with chronic bronchitis?
the patient wakes from sleep every morning with chronic productive cough with mucoid yellow sputum and exertional dyspnea
How to diagnose C. B clinically?
By Ausculatation
“wheezing and early inspi crackles
what’s the most common Bacteria causing acute bronchitis?
1_S. pneumonia
2_H. influenza
3_M. cataralis
Mention the possible complications of C. B.
1_respiratory failure 2_pulmonary hypertension 3_cor pulmonale"right sided heart failure " 4_empyma 5_pneumonia 6_polycythemia 7_increase carboxic hemoglubin. 8_emphysema 9_combination of cyanosis and odema resulting in blue bloater syndrome.
Define bronchoctasis.
It’s a a chronic disease of the bronchi, in which there is a permenent abnormal broncho dilatation with distruction of the wall
Explain the pathogenesis of bronchactasis.
when there is a destruction in the bronchial wall, a large amount of secretions form, with the dialation secretions will accumulate there, so with out drinage it will lead to secondary bacterial infection which cause more damage.
Mention the causes of bronchoctasis.
most common: genetic Cystic fibrosis
attack of pneumonia or acute bronchitis
infection specially in children “measls, TB, whooping cough, forign body.
