Respiratory System (ventilation) Flashcards
Normal quite breathing is divided into what 2 processes?
1) active inspiration
2) passive expiration
What structures does active inspiration rely on?
-diaphragm (main breathing muscle)
- external intercostal/scalenes
- raises rib cage
What is active inspiration?
-relys on muscle contraction for the intake of air
What occurs during passive expiration?
- inspiratory muscles relax
- lungs recoil
What occurs during active expiration?
-internal intercostal and abdominal muscles contract
The movement of air molecules depend on what kind of pressures?
- atmospheric pressure (outside of lung)
- alveolar pressure (inside of lung)
- intrapleural pressure (between pleural membrane)
What is pneumothorax?
-collapsed lung
What is the point of the pulmonary function test?
-measures air volume moved with each breath
What are the lung volumes being measured during the pulmonary function test?
- Tidal volume (VT) =500 ml
- air moved in 1 inspiration or expiration
- Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) =3000 ml
- additional air inspired above VT
- expiratory reserve volume (ERV)=1100 ml
- air forcefully expired after normal respiration
- Residual volume (RV)= 1200 ml
- air remains in lung after max expiration
What are the lung capacities being measured during a pulmonary function test?
- Vital capacity (VC)
VT+ IRV + ERV
-max air moved in and out with 1 breath - Total lung capacity (TLC)
VC+RV - Inspiratory capacity (IC)
VT+IRV
4.functional residual capacity (FRC)
ERV+RV
What does the total pulmonary ventilation (total minute volume) measure?
-amount of air you take in and out within 1 minute
What does alveolar ventilation measure?
-total amount of fresh air in alveoli per minute
What’s the amount of fresh air in alveoli/breath?
Tidal vol - anatomical dead space
How much old air is stored in the anatomical dead space?
150 ml
