Respiratory System pt.2 Flashcards
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal.
True or False: The diaphragm is a muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing.
True
Fill in the blank: The process of inhaling is known as ______.
inspiration
What structure is responsible for the sound production in the respiratory system?
The larynx
What is the name of the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?
Alveoli
Which two main parts make up the respiratory system?
The upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.
True or False: The trachea is commonly known as the windpipe.
True
What is the role of the cilia in the respiratory system?
To trap and expel foreign particles and pathogens from the airways.
What is the term for the exchange of gases between the blood and body tissues?
Internal respiration
In which part of the respiratory system does the majority of gas exchange occur?
In the alveoli
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
epiglottis
What is the primary muscle involved in the process of breathing?
The diaphragm
True or False: Oxygen is transported in the blood primarily as dissolved gas.
False
What is the role of hemoglobin in the respiratory system?
To bind and transport oxygen in the blood.
What can cause a decrease in lung capacity?
Conditions such as asthma, COPD, or lung fibrosis.
Which gas is primarily responsible for stimulating breathing?
Carbon dioxide
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the main airway that leads from the throat to the lungs.
trachea
What is the term for the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing?
Tidal volume
True or False: The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes.
True
What is the function of the pleura in the respiratory system?
To provide lubrication and reduce friction between the lungs and chest wall.
What is the primary purpose of the nasal cavity?
To filter, warm, and humidify the air before it enters the lungs.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the respiratory system that connects the pharynx to the trachea.
larynx
What is a common disease that affects the respiratory system?
Asthma
What is pulmonary circulation?
The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area in the lungs where the bronchi branch into smaller passages.
bronchial tree
What is the function of surfactant in the lungs?
To reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevent collapse.
True or False: The respiratory system also plays a role in regulating blood pH.
True
What is the name of the condition characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
What is the primary function of the lungs?
The primary function of the lungs is to facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.
True or False: Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.
True
Fill in the blank: The process of gas exchange in the lungs is known as __________.
respiration
What is the role of hemoglobin in gas exchange?
Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the tissues.
Which gas is primarily exchanged for oxygen in the lungs?
Carbon dioxide
Multiple choice: Which factor does NOT influence gas exchange efficiency? A) Surface area B) Thickness of the membrane C) Color of the lungs D) Partial pressure gradients
C) Color of the lungs
What is the partial pressure of a gas?
The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure exerted by that gas in a mixture of gases.
True or False: Increased surface area in the alveoli enhances gas exchange.
True
What is the significance of the respiratory membrane thickness?
A thinner respiratory membrane allows for more efficient gas exchange.
Fill in the blank: The primary site of gas exchange in the lungs is the __________.
alveoli
Multiple choice: Which of the following conditions can impair gas exchange? A) High altitude B) Asthma C) Pneumonia D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What role does surfactant play in the alveoli?
Surfactant reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse and aiding in gas exchange.
True or False: Gas exchange is a passive process driven by diffusion.
True
What is the effect of increased ventilation on gas exchange?
Increased ventilation enhances gas exchange by increasing the availability of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
Fill in the blank: The difference in partial pressures of gases between the alveoli and blood is known as the __________.
partial pressure gradient
Multiple choice: Which factor affects the diffusion rate of gases? A) Temperature B) Molecular weight C) Surface area D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What happens to gas exchange efficiency at high altitudes?
Gas exchange efficiency decreases due to lower partial pressures of oxygen.
True or False: The respiratory rate does not influence gas exchange.
False
What is the primary method by which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?
Carbon dioxide is primarily transported as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).
Fill in the blank: The process of oxygen moving from the alveoli into the blood is called __________.
diffusion
Multiple choice: Which of the following increases the efficiency of gas exchange? A) Decreased blood flow B) Increased alveolar surface area C) Thickened alveolar walls D) None of the above
B) Increased alveolar surface area
What is the relationship between temperature and gas solubility in the lungs?
Higher temperatures decrease gas solubility, affecting gas exchange.
True or False: The diaphragm plays a crucial role in ventilation.
True
What is the effect of exercise on gas exchange?
Exercise increases the demand for oxygen and enhances gas exchange efficiency.
Fill in the blank: The exchange of gases in the lungs is driven by differences in __________.
concentration
Multiple choice: Which physiological factor can lead to impaired gas exchange? A) Anemia B) Hyperventilation C) Low blood pressure D) All of the above
A) Anemia
What is the primary function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
Cilia help to clear mucus and debris from the airways, maintaining respiratory health.
