respiratory system pe

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

transfer of 02 from outside environment to cells within tissues, as well as removal of c02 in opposite way

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

occurs in presence of oxygen, this 02 is used to release energy from glucose
this happens when body is able to meet demands of exercise e.g. marathon
the body is able to get oxygen to muscles in time

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

occurs in absence of 02. happens when body is not able to meet demands of exercise
the body is not able to get oxygen to muscles in time. Can only do for a short period of time as lactic acid builds up causing fatigue in muscles

Question 4

Transportation of air

Answer 4

to breath air into lungs

Question 5

Diffusion of 02 into bloodstream

Answer 5

to transfer oxygen through process of diffusion, from lungs into blood
02>alveoli>bloodstream>respiring cells and muscles

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

the movement of gases from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 7

Removing C02 from blood out of the body

Answer 7

to transfer c02 from blood, through process of diffusion into lungs where gases are breathed out

Question 8

Nose, nasal cavity and mouth

Answer 8

warm ,filter and moisten incoming air

Question 9

Trachea

Answer 9

Also known as windpipe surrounded by cartilage to stop it collapsing allows air to flow to the lungs

Question 10

Bronchi

Answer 10

The trachea splits into two bronchi, one for each right and left lung

Question 11

Bronchioles

Answer 11

Inside the lung, air travels from bronchi into smaller branches called bronchioles

Question 12

alveoli

Answer 12

air travels through to alveoli sacs, which contain alveoli which are individual hollow cavities where gas exchange takes place

Question 13

diaphragm

Answer 13

broad band of muscle attached to lower ribs and sternum. it forms the base of the thoracic cavity

Question 14

Cilia

Answer 14

mucous traps dust and dirt that enters that enters in the inhaled air
cilia cells push mucous to back of throat to bel swallowed or coughed up
lined with mucous membranes and tiny cells called cilia

Question 15

Inspiration during exercise

Answer 15

external intercostal muscles, diaphragm and other respiratory muscles usually not used in breathing contract faster and more forcefully than at rest to expand the thoracic cavity further
volume inside chest cavity increases and pressure drops
much more 02 enters alveoli to equalise the pressure

Question 16

Expiration changes during exercise

Answer 16

external intercostal muscles, diaphragm relax, so ribs move down and in and the diaphragm moves up
internal intercostal muscles and abdominals muscles contract pulling the ribcage down further
forcing more waste products out of lungs into air the air being c02
this process happens at a faster rate
elastic recoil at and increased distance

Question 17

Diffusion how it works

Answer 17

o2 rich air is breathed into lungs and travels to alveoli
02 diffuses from alveoli to blood capillaries to even out concentration
deoxygenated blood containing c02 comes from rest of body at capillaries around the
alveoli
c02 diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

Question 18

tidal volume

Answer 18

volume of air breathed in and out for a normal breath

Question 19

respiration rate

Answer 19

how many breaths you take per minute

Question 20

minute ventilation

Answer 20

amount of air breathed in and out in one minute
mv=tidal volume multiplied by respiratory rate

Question 21

Vital capacity

Answer 21

maximum amount of air you can exhale after total inspiration
Normal values
men=4-5 litres
women-3-4 litres
endurance athletes have vital capacity’s of 6-7 litres

Question 22

Short term effects of exercise

Answer 22

respiratory centre in brain detects changes in levels of 02 and c02 in the blood during exercise
during exercise you breath deeper and faster, minute ventilation increases to meet demands of oxygen
causes respiratory centre in brain to send nervous impulses to intercostal muscles and diaphragm
they work harder to increase breathing rate and volume of thoracic cavity so more o2 can be taken in with each breath.

Question 23

Long term effects on respiratory system

Answer 23

Respiratory muscles increase in strength(hypertrophy)
means vital capacity and mv can improve
meaning you can get more o2 in and out of lungs with each breath

work harder and keep working longer without tiring aerobic endurance has increased
an increase in number and diameter of capillaries surrounding alveoli allowing more efficient gas exchange
get more o2 from alveoli into blood and get rid of more c02 from blood into alveoli
therefore it is easier to work at a given rate than before, going longer and harder than before.

Question 24

unfit ventilation

Answer 24

25 breaths per minute multiplied by 4 equals 100

Question 25

fit ventilation

Answer 25

18 breaths per minute multiplied by 6 = 108 litres per minute, greater tidal volume intercostal muscles gotten stronger