Respiratory System Part 3

Question 1

Bohr effect

Answer 1

High CO2 at tissues helps offload O2 from Hb

Question 2

Haldane effect

Answer 2

High O2 at lungs helps offload CO2 from Hb

Question 3

2,3-diphosphoglycerate(DPG)

Answer 3

– Metabolic intermediate in glycolysis
– Increased in Hypoxia (low oxygen levels)
– Decreases hemoglobin saturation

Question 4

Higher temperatures

Answer 4

– Help with offloading at tissues
– Decreases hemoglobin saturation

Question 5

Higher acidity

Answer 5

– Help with offloading at tissues
– Decreases hemoglobin saturation

Question 6

Fetal hemoglobin

Answer 6

– Helps transfer oxygen from mom to baby
– Increases hemoglobin saturation

Question 7

Breathing rate = # breaths / minute

Answer 7

Controlled by brainstem centers

Breathing rate drops with age, mirrors heart rate

Question 8

Medullary respiratory center contains two groups of nuclei

Answer 8

Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

Question 9

Pontine respiratory center is found

Answer 9

within pons

Question 10

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning

Answer 10

Leading cause of death from fire

CO is an odorless, colorless gas

Type of anemic hypoxia

Competes with O2 for binding sites on hemoglobin

200-times greater affinity for hemoglobin than O2

Symptoms : confusion, respiratory distress, the skin becomes cherry red, NO CYANOSIS is detectable.

Treatment - hyperbaric chamber or 100% oxygen

Question 11

Hypoxia

Answer 11

Inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 12

Anemic hypoxia

Answer 12

poor O2 delivery because of too few RBCs or abnormal or unavailable hemoglobin

Question 13

Ischemic hypoxia

Answer 13

blood circulation is impaired

Question 14

Histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 14

the body’s cells are unable to use O2.
Inhibition of Cytochrome C (Complex IV) of ETC
* cyanide poisoning