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Year 1 LSS 1 > Respiratory System Facts > Flashcards

Respiratory System Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What proportion of deaths does respiratory disease account for?

A

1 in 5

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2
Q

What are the main categories of respiratory diseases?

A
  • Airway obstruction (localised and generalised)
  • Restrictive disorders (within lungs and outside)
  • Infection
  • Pulmonary vascular disorders
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3
Q

What are the remnants of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale?

A

ligamentum arteriosum and fossa ovale.

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4
Q

What are the three lung pressure comparisons?

A

Ptt (trans-thoracic) = Ppl - Patm
Ptp (trans-plueral) = Palv - Ppl
Prs (respiratory system) = Palv - Patm

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5
Q

What is the size of the anatomical dead space?

A

150ml

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6
Q

What are the partial pressures of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water in air?

A

Oxygen: 21.3 kPa
Carbon Dioxide: 0kPa
Water: 0kPa

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7
Q

What are the partial pressures of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water in the conductive airways?

A

Oxygen: 20kPa
Carbon Dioxide: 0kPa
Water: 6.3 kPa

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8
Q

What are the partial pressures of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water in the respiratory airways?

A

Oxygen: 13.5 kPa
Carbon Dioxide: 5.3 kPa
Water: 6.3 kPa

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9
Q

What is the concentration of oxygen in the air?

A

20.9%

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10
Q

What is PaO2 in post-bronchole drainage?

A

13.3 kPa (97% sat)

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11
Q

What is the PvO2?

A

5.3 kPa

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12
Q

What is PaCO2?

A

5.3 kPa

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13
Q

What is PvCO2?

A

6.1 kPa

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14
Q

Define hypoxaemia

A

PaO2

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15
Q

What is normal ventilation rate?

A

15 br/min

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16
Q

What are the types of respiratory failures?

A

Type 1: Hypoxic - PaO2 6.7

Mixed: both true

17
Q

What are the normal values for Minute Ventilation and Vt?

A 
Vt = 0.4l
VE = 5.9l/min
18
Q

What are the two control centers for breathing?

A
  • bulbopontine controller in medulla (metabolic)

- suprapontine controller in the cerebral cortex (behavioural)

19
Q

What is the survival statistic for lung cancer?

A
  • 80% die within a year of diagnosis
20
Q

What percentage of lung cancer is non-small cell?

A

75%

21
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer is non-smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

22
Q

What are the different pressures maintaining pulmonary capillary fluid balance?

A
  • Capillary hydrostatic pressure (9mmHg)
  • Plasma oncotic pressure (25mmHg)
  • Interstitial protein oncotic pressure (17mmHg)
23
Q

What are the four causes of pulmonary oedema?

A

1) Increased hydrostatic pressure
2) Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
3) Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
4) Blocked lymphatic drainage

24
Q

How does transmural pressure change during inspiration?

A

From -5cmH20 to -8cmH20

Year 1 LSS 1 (3 decks)

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