Respiratory system - diseases and conditions

Question 1

apnea

Answer 1

temporary interruption of breathing

Question 2

bradypnea

Answer 2

condition of slower than normal breathing

Question 3

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Answer 3

Unusual breathing pattern characterized by periods of apnea (between 10 and 60 seconds), followed by gradually increasing respirations.

Question 4

dyspnea

Answer 4

difficult or painful breathing

Question 5

eupnea

Answer 5

condition of normal breathing

Question 6

hyperpnea

Answer 6

breathing more deeply

Question 7

hyperpnea

Answer 7

condition of deeper than normal breathing

Question 8

hyperventilation

Answer 8

condition in which breathing is faster and deeper than normal

Question 9

hypoventilation

Answer 9

condition in which breathing is to slow

Question 10

orthopnea

Answer 10

condition in which breathing becomes easier when sitting straight up

Question 11

rales

Answer 11

Abnormal crackling sound heard during auscultation of the lungs while the patient is breathing in; usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the airway.

Question 12

rhonchi

Answer 12

A coarse rattling or high-pitched snoring sound heard during auscultation of the lungs; usually indicates narrowing of the air passages, such as during asthma or a respiratory infection.

Question 13

stridor

Answer 13

Harsh, high-pitched sound during respiration that indicates an airway obstruction.

Question 14

tachypnea

Answer 14

Condition of faster-than-normal breathing.

Question 15

aspiration

Answer 15

Drawing in of a foreign body, food, or fluid through the nose, throat, or lungs during inspiration.

Question 16

asthma

Answer 16

Condition characterized by sudden, periodic attacks of dyspnea accompanied by wheezing; caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membranes of the bronchi.

Question 17

atelectasis

Answer 17

Collapsed or airless lung caused by any condition that prevents the alveoli from expanding normally to allow breathing and coughing.

Question 18

bronchitis

Answer 18

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes

Question 19

bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer)

Answer 19

A malignant tumor that originates in the bronchi.

Question 20

bronchospasm

Answer 20

Sudden, involuntary contractions in the bronchi.

Question 21

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 21

disease characterized by reduced ability of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation.

Question 22

common cold

Answer 22

Acute (short-term) inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes; also called nasopharyngitis or rhinopharyngitis

Question 23

croup

Answer 23

Childhood disease characterized by a “barking” cough and high-pitched breathing.

Question 24

cyanosis

Answer 24

Condition of bluish tint to the skin due to lack of oxygen circulation to the body tissue

Question 25

cystic fibrosis (CF

Answer 25

Inherited disease that affects the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands.

Question 26

emphysema

Answer 26

Chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an abnormal increase in the size of the alveoli accompanied by loss of elasticity; results in shortness of breath and impaired heart function.

Question 27

empyema

Answer 27

Pus in the pleural cavity; usually the result of a lung infection.

Question 28

epiglottitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of the epiglottis.

Question 29

hay fever (allergic rhinitis)

Answer 29

allergic disease of the mucous membranes in the nose and the upper respiratory passages; caused by exposure to pollen from grass, weeds, flowers, and other allergenic substances

Question 30

hemothorax

Answer 30

Bloody fluid in the pleural cavity caused by the rupture of small blood vessels due to inflammation of the lungs. Hemothorax is common in pneumonia, tuberculosis, and malignant tumors.

Question 31

influenza

Answer 31

Acute, contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract characterized by sudden onset, fever, chills, headache, myalgia (muscle aches), cough, and sore throat.

Question 32

laryngitis

Answer 32

Inflammation of the larynx (voice box)

Question 33

nasal polyp

Answer 33

Tumor with a stem of new growth in the nose or nasal cavity.

Question 34

pharyngitis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the pharynx (throat).

Question 35

pneumonia

Answer 35

Inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, or chemical irritant.

Question 35

pneumothorax

Answer 35

Collection of air or gas in the pleural space.

Question 35

pleural effusion

Answer 35

The escape of fluid into the pleural cavity due to excessive fluid buildup in the pleural space

Question 36

pulmonary embolism

Answer 36

A traveling blood clot that becomes lodged in a lung.

Question 37

sinusitis

Answer 37

inflammation of the sinuses caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

Question 38

sleep apnea

Answer 38

interruption of breathing during sleep

Question 39

sputum

Answer 39

Mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract

Question 40

strep throat

Answer 40

Infection of the throat caused by the Streptococcus bacterium; characterized by a red, painful, and purulent (containing pus) throat.

Question 41

tonsillitis

Answer 41

Inflammation of the tonsils caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

Question 42

tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 42

A serious communicable (contagious) disease caused by bacterial infection of the lungs.