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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ingestion

A

which is the intake of food and liquids into the body.

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2
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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3
Q

Digestion

A

process by which food is broken down into smaller components.

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4
Q

2 types of digestion

A

Physical and chemical

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5
Q

Physical digestion

A

breaks food into smaller physical parts

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6
Q

Chemical digestion

A

breaks food into simpler chemical compounds (nutrients) that can be absorbed by the body

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7
Q

Bile

A

a yellowish-brown or green-fluid secreted by the liver to break down fatty foods

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8
Q

Absorption

A

valuable nutrients leave the digestive tract and enter the blood supply

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9
Q

Elimination

A

solid waste collects in the large intestine and is excreted through the anus

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10
Q

Structures in the oral cavity

A

the mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, and the pharynx

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11
Q

Labia

A

or lips, protect the anterior opening of the mouth, and the cheeks, or buccae (BUCK-ee), form the lateral walls of the mouth.

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12
Q

Hard palate

A

the anterior of the roof of the mouth

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13
Q

Soft palate

A

posterior of the roof of the mouth

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14
Q

Uvula

A

a finger like projection of tissue hangs from the soft palate

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15
Q

Tongue

A

muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth

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16
Q

Papillae

A

small, nipple-like bumps that contain taste buds.

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17
Q

Taste receptors

A

allow us to taste different tastes

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18
Q

2 major parts of a tooth

A

crown above the gum and root embedded below

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19
Q

Gingiva

A

the soft tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth

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20
Q

Function of teeth

A

aid in the mastication process by grinding food

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21
Q

3 salivary glands

A

sublingual gland, submandibular gland, and the parotid gland

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22
Q

Sublingual gland location

A

under the tongue

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23
Q

submandibular gland location

A

on the floor of the mouth

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24
Q

parotid gland location

A

anterior to the ears

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25
Q

Pharynx location

A

posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and posterior to the larynx (voice box)

26
Q

3 parts of the Pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

27
Q

Nasopharynx

A

functions as the airway of the respiratory system

28
Q

Oropharynx

A

passes air from the Nasopharynx to the laryngopharynx, and is passes food from the mouth to the esophagus

29
Q

laryngopharynx

A

when swallowing, occurs, the epiglottis covers the trachea so that food cannot enter and become lodged.

30
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing

31
Q

peristalsis

A

Food is moved down the pharynx by a propulsive muscular action

32
Q

Esophagus

A

the mucous membrane-lined muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

33
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

At the end of the esophagus ,controls the flow of substances (food and liquid) between the esophagus and the stomach.

34
Q

stomach

A

sac-like organ

35
Q

3 parts of the stomach

A

the fundus, the body and the antrum

36
Q

Rugae

A

produce gastric fluids that aid in digestion and form a protective lining for the stomach

37
Q

chyme

A

forms when acidic gastric juices mix with partially digested food in the stomach,

38
Q

Pylorus

A

a narrow muscular passageway in the stomach

39
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

a thick ring of muscular tissue.

40
Q

Small intestine

A

longest section of the GI system, average 17-20 ft in adults

41
Q

3 parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

42
Q

Duodenum

A

first section of small intestine. receives food from the stomach, bile from the liver and gallbladder, and pancreatic juice from the pancreas. digested by pancreatic enzymes and bile.

43
Q

Jejunum

A

middle section of the small intestine. nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.

44
Q

Ileum

A

last section of the small intestine. The ileum is the site of vitamin B 12 absorption.

45
Q

Colon

A

aka large intestine, connects directly to the ileum an continues to the anus

46
Q

6 parts of the colon

A

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

47
Q

cecum

A

located on the right side of the abdomen, is a pouch that connects to the ileum.

48
Q

appendix

A

hangs from the lowest part of the cecum. No known function

49
Q

ascending colon

A

travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver.

50
Q

transverse colon

A

longest part of the colon. Located between the ascending colon and the descending colon, the transverse colon horizontally crosses the abdomen.

51
Q

descending colon

A

extends from the trans- verse colon inferiorly along the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon.

52
Q

sigmoid colon

A

is connected to the distal end of the descending colon and leads into the rectum.

53
Q

rectum

A

the last section of the colon, functions as a storage area for solid waste (feces) until defecation can occur.

54
Q

Anus

A

opening at the lower end of the digestive tract through which fecal waste is elimi- nated

55
Q

Liver

A

storage of nutrients until they are needed by the body and filtration and removal of chemicals, waste products, and old blood cells from the bloodstream, performs the key digestive function of converting a carbohydrate called glycogen to glucose (sugar) when the body’s cells need energy

56
Q

Gallbladder

A

bile, a fluid that aids in digestion is stored here

57
Q

Pancreas

A

produces amylase, lipase, protease, insulin

58
Q

Amylase

A

helps break down carbohydrates

59
Q

Lipase

A

helps break down fats

60
Q

Protease

A

helps break down proteins

61
Q

Insulin

A

a hormone that aids in the absorption of sugar

Medical Terminology (25 decks)

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