respiratory system at rest.

Question 1

what is the relationship between breathing frequency, tidal volume and minute ventilation?

Answer 1

VE = f x TV
minute ventilation = frequency x tidal volume

Question 2

what is the definition of tidal volume?

Answer 2

the volume of air inspired or expired per breath (measured in ml)

Question 3

what is the definition of frequency?

Answer 3

the number of breaths you take per minute (measured in breaths per minute)

Question 4

what is the definition of minute ventilation?

Answer 4

the volume of air inspired of expired per minute (measured in l/m)

Question 5

inspiration at rest:

Answer 5

diaphragm contracts.
external intercostals contract.
ribs move up and out.
volume inside the lungs increases.
pressure inside the lungs decreases.
air rushes into the lungs.

Question 6

expiration at rest:

Answer 6

diaphragm relaxes.
external intercostals relax.
ribs move down and in.
volume inside the lungs decreases.
pressure inside the lungs increases.
air rushes out of the lungs.

Question 7

internal respiration at rest:

Answer 7

1. between blood and muscles.
2. higher partial pressure of oxygen in blood than muscles - diffuses down the concentration gradient into the muscles.
3. higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide in muscles than blood - diffuses down the concentration gradient into the blood

Question 8

external respiration at rest:

Answer 8

1. between the alveoli and the blood.
2. higher partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli than blood - diffuses down the concentration gradient into the blood.
3. higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood than alveoli - diffuses down concentration gradient into alveoli.