cardiovascular system at rest.

Question 1

what is the relationship between cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate?

Answer 1

Q = SV x HR
cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 2

what is the definition of cardiac output?

Answer 2

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per MINUTE.

Question 3

what is the approximate cardiac output (l/m) for both untrained and trained athletes at rest?

Answer 3

5l/m (always constant)

Question 4

what is the definition of stroke volume?

Answer 4

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per BEAT.

Question 5

what is the approximate cardiac output (ml) for an untrained athlete at rest?

Answer 5

70ml

Question 6

what is the approximate ml for a trained athlete at rest?

Answer 6

100ml

Question 7

what is the definition of heart rate?

Answer 7

the number of beats per minute

Question 8

what is the approximate bpm for an untrained athlete at rest?

Answer 8

70bpm

Question 9

what is the approximate bpm for a trained athlete at rest?

Answer 9

50bpm

Question 10

what is the definition of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 10

all the events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during one complete heart beat.

Question 11

what is the definition of diastole?

Answer 11

the contraction phase of the heart when it is pumping blood out.

Question 12

what is the definition of systole?

Answer 12

the relaxation phase of the heart when it is receiving blood.

Question 13

what is the conduction system?

Answer 13

a group of specialised fibres sending electrical impulses around the heart causing co-ordinated contractions.

Question 14

why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscular wall?

Answer 14

because it has to pump blood around the whole body, whereas the right side only has to pump it to the lungs.

Question 15

what is atrial diastole?

Answer 15

atria fill with blood from vena cava and pulmonary vein.
AV valves close.
atrial pressure rises above ventricular pressure.
blood starts to passively move into the ventricles.

Question 16

what is atrial systole?

Answer 16

SA nodes fire electrical impulse across the atria, the atria then contracts.
AV valves are forced open.
the remaining blood is pumped into the ventricles and semi-lunar valves close.

Question 17

what is ventricular diastole?

Answer 17

impulse is received by AV node.
AV valves close.
AV node then sends an impulse down to the ‘Bundle of his’ to the ‘Purkinje fibres.’

Question 18

what is ventricular systole?

Answer 18

‘Purkinje fibres’ penetrate ventricular walls.
semi-lunar valves forced open.
blood removed from heart via aorta and pulmonary arteries.