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Lab Exam 2 > Respiratory System Anatomy Lab 4 > Flashcards

Respiratory System Anatomy Lab 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two broad divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting and Respiratory portions

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2
Q

Conducting portion of respiratory system

A

functions to condition and transport air between the external atmosphere and the lungs

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3
Q

Respiratory portion of the respiratory system

A

where gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary interface actually occurs

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4
Q

Primary entryway air travels from the external environment

A

nose (mouth is secondary)

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5
Q

Nasal conchae

A

generates turbulance in the air flow and causes it to swirl around

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6
Q

Order that air passes through body

A
  1. Air passes through either nose (primary) or mouth (secondary). 2. Nasal Cavities (hairs) 3. Nasal conchae
  2. Nasopharynx 5. Oropharynx 6. Laryngopharynx 7. Larynx 8. Trachea 9. Primary Bronchi 10. Left and Right lung
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7
Q

Nasal Cavity location

A

behind nose

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8
Q

nasopharynx location

A

Behind nasal cavity

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9
Q

oropharynx location

A

Under nasopharynx and behind mouth

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10
Q

laryngopharynx location

A

Underneath the oropharynx and behind the epiglottis and larynx

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11
Q

epiglottis location

A

food flap

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12
Q

larynx location

A

throughout area under the vocal cord, in the trachea : it consists of the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and vestibular fold

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13
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

large section covering the thyroid, above the cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

right under the thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

vestibular fold

A

located above the vocal fold. in middle of thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

vocal cord

A

fold under the vestibular fold

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17
Q

trachea location

A

bumpy tube air goes down

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18
Q

tracheal cartilage

A

not fully closed rings around the trachea, which enables expansion

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19
Q

carina location

A

where the bronchi splits into the primary bronchi, at the base of the trachea

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20
Q

primary bronchi

A

two branches stemming from the trachea off of the carina

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21
Q

secondary bronchi

A

stemming off from the primary bronchi, still somewhat large, getting closer to the smallest (tertiary bronchi)

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22
Q

tertiary bronchi

A

smallest branches of bronchi, branching off of the secondary bronchi

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23
Q

Primary spot for gas exchange

A

alveolus

24
Q

What is the respiratory membrane composed of? hint: multiple layers

A

type 1 alveolar epithelial cells, acellular basement membrane, endothelium of the capillary bed that surrounds each alveolus

25
Q

respiratory bronchiole

A

branches off from the tertiary bronchi, it holds the alveolar ducts.

26
Q

Alveolus

A

where the primary gas exchange location is. each individual sac

27
Q

Describe how oxygen passes from the alveolar sac to the hemoglobin inside a erythrocyte.

A
  1. O2 must pass into and out of the alveolar epithelial cell (2 membrane bilayers) 2. diffuse through the basement membrane and then into and out of the endothelial cell (simple squamous epithelial tissue) that lines the blood capillary (2 membrane bilayers) 3. Crosses membrane of the erythocyte.
28
Q

Two layers that surround the lung

A
  1. Visceral pleura 2. Parietal Pleura
29
Q

What is located between the visceral and parietal pleura?

A

the Pleural cavity which includes pleural fluid.

30
Q

Pleural fluids purpose

A

it is a slippery thin fluid that allows the lungs to move within the pleura sac in a relitively frictionless environment

31
Q

which lung is smaller, right or left

A

left

32
Q

what two lobes does the left lung consist of

A

superior, inferior

33
Q

what lobes does the right lung consist of

A

superior, middle, inferior

34
Q

what fissure is the left lung seperated by

A

oblique fissure

35
Q

what fissure(s) is the right lung seperated by

A

oblique, horizontal

36
Q

where is the diaphragmatic surface facing

A

inferior, facing the diaphragm

37
Q

where is the costal surface facing

A

lateral, anterior, and posterior, faces the rib cage

38
Q

where is the mediastinal surface facing

A

medial surface, basically facing the heart and trachea

39
Q

Where is the hilum

A

it is the indented region of the lung where the primary bronchi and pulmonary arteries enter the lung, and the pulmonary veins exit the lung.

40
Q

which fissure is higher on the right lung

A

horizonal fissure

41
Q

Where is the visceral pleura located

A

on the inside touching the lung

42
Q

where is the parietal pleura located

A

on the outside, this one does not move. it lines the thoracic cavity

43
Q

what is the cardiac impression

A

dip on the inside of the left lung where the heart sits

44
Q

where would the primary bronchi be located on a cadaver

A

where the chest is, under sternum

45
Q

what kind of tissue is the lung lined by?

A

non-keritinized, stratified squamous epithelium

46
Q

what is the remainder of the conducting system of the lung lined by?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which includes cilia, and goblet cells-which produce mucus

47
Q

mucocilary elevator definition

A

cilia of pseudostratified columnar epithelium “sweep” the debris that the mucus picks up. This is the eliminating particulate matter.

48
Q

does the bronchi of the lung decrease as you travel more distally down it?

A

yes

49
Q

does the shape of the epithelial cells gradually transition from pseudostratified columnar to cuboidal (respiratory bronchioles) to simple squamous (within the alveoli)

A

yes

50
Q

the three main types of cells within the alveolus

A

alveolar macrophages, type 2 alveolar cells, type 1 alveolar epithelial cells

51
Q

alveolar macrophages function

A

clears debris and pathogens

52
Q

type 2 alveolar cells function

A

produce pulmonary surfactant

53
Q

type 1 alveolar epithelial cells function

A

participate primarily in gas exchange.

54
Q

What forms the respiratory membrane, across which gas exchange occurs?

A

the simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus in conjunction with the basement membrane and endothelium of the lung capillary.

55
Q

what do alveolar macrophages look like under the microscope?

A

large globs that are not attached to the type 1 or 2 cells

56
Q

what happens during inhalation?

A

thoracic cavity expands, and a negative pressure is created, air enters the lungs

Lab Exam 2 (3 decks)

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