Respiratory Anat and Phys. Lab 5

Question 1

what is the flow of blood controlled by?

Answer 1

heart rate and blood pressure

Question 2

how is breathing rate expressed

Answer 2

breaths/minute normally around 8-12 breaths per minute

Question 3

what are the apices of the lung and where do they extend?

Answer 3

the apices are the corners of the tops of the lungs lateral to the heart.

Question 4

what is the outermost surface of the chest cavity?

Answer 4

thoracic well (rib cage, associated with its muscles)

Question 5

what does the diaphragm create

Answer 5

the inferior portion of the thoracic cavity

Question 6

does air pressure go from high to low

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

as the volume of a sealed container increases, the pressure of the gas inside the container does what

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

is the pressure of the gas said to be proportional or inversely proportional to the size (volume) of the container

Answer 8

inversely proportional

Question 9

What is Boyle’s law?

Answer 9

pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, when temperature is held constant.

Question 10

How is the mechanical process of pulmonary ventilation achieved?

Answer 10

it is achieved by rhythmically changing the volume in the thoracic cavity (chest cavity)

Question 11

what enlarges the thoracic cavity

Answer 11

inhalation, a mechanical process

Question 12

what nerve innervates the diaphragm, causing the dome-shaped muscle to flatten

Answer 12

phrenic nerve

Question 13

where does the phrenic nerve exit the brain and spinal column?

Answer 13

it exits the central nervous system (C3-C5) and travels to the diaphragm

Question 14

what is responsible for most of your breathing efforts at rest

Answer 14

diaphragm

Question 15

the flow is proportional to the radius to what power

Answer 15

4th power

Question 16

at 50% reduction in the radius of the tubes in a system will result in what fold

Answer 16

16 fold decrease in flow

Question 17

if your airway increased from 2mm to 4mm in radius (bronchodilation), your airflow would improve by what percent?

Answer 17

16% because it would be 2 to the 4th power

Question 18

how much can a person typically forcibly exhale of their total lung capacity (vital capacity) in one second? also what is this called

Answer 18

75-85%, FEV1

Question 19

Blood is viscous (thickness) and air is not

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What does a spirometer record?

Answer 20

rate and depth of breathing, speed and expiration, and rate of oxygen consumption

Question 21

what produces variation for respiratory volumes?

Answer 21

size, sex, age, and physical condition

Question 22

how do you find minute ventilation?

Answer 22

tidal volume multiplied by the frequency of breathing that was observed for one minute example: 12breathspm*0.5L/breath=6.0L/minute

Question 23

what is minute ventilation?

Answer 23

it is the amount of gas moved through the respiratory system in a minute

Question 24

what is tidal volume?

Answer 24

amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under testing conditions. normally about 0.5L for the adult male. Breathing rate is typically 12 breaths per minute

Question 25

what is Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 25

the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation. about 3L for a male

Question 26

what is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 26

the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation. it is about 1.2 L for the adult male.

Question 27

what is the vital capacity?

Answer 27

the sum of the TV, IRV, and ERV or 0.5L+3.0L+1.2L=4.8L which is the normal values for the adult male.

Question 28

what is the residual volume?

Answer 28

it is the amount of air that is left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. WE do not fully empty out lungs with each breath. The volume of this air space is about 1000ml in the adult male 1L. therefore total lung capacity is 1.3L (residual volume) + 4.8L (vital capacity) = about 6 liter.

Question 29

how to you calculate residual volume?

Answer 29

VC * 0.25