Respiratory System Anatomy

Question 1

Which of the following statements about bronchi is INCORRECT?

A) Because of their small diameter, they don’t require cartilage to support their walls.
B) They for airways extending between the trachea and bronchioles.
C) They are lined with an epithelium specialised to secrete and transport a mucous sheet upwards towards the pharynx.
D) They cannot participate in gas exchange because their walls are too thick to allow rapid diffusion.
E) Tertiary bronchi supply units of the lunch called bronchopulmonary segments.

Answer 1

A) Because of their small diameter, they don’t require cartilage to support their walls.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT found in or on the walls of alveoli?

A) macrophages
B) endothelial cells of capillaries
C) squamous (Type 1) epithelial cells
D) surfactant-secreting (Type II) epithelial cells
E) mucus-secreting epithelial cells

Answer 2

E) mucus-secreting epithelial cells

Question 3

The right lung:

A) receives deoxygenated blood from the left ventricle
B) has a pronounced notch, the cardiac notch, which accommodates the heart
C) is covered with a smooth, slippery parietal pleura
D) has three lobes and two fissures (horizontal and oblique)
E) is attached on its lateral surface to the right primary bronchus at a region called
the hilus

Answer 3

D) has three lobes and two fissures (horizontal and oblique)

Question 4

The muscles of ventilation are:

A) smooth muscles innervated by cranial nerves
B) skeletal muscles innervated by spinal nerves
C) smooth muscles innervated by spinal nerves
D) cardiac muscles
E) skeletal muscles innervated by cranial nerves

Answer 4

B) skeletal muscles innervated by spinal nerves

Question 5

Which of the following lists the structures in the correct order of air flow?

A) nasopharynx, oropharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
B) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, alveoli
C) oropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, trachea, alveoli
D) oropharynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
E) nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx, trachea

Answer 5

B) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, alveoli

Question 6

What is normally found between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura?

A) air
B) venous blood
C) the lungs
D) lymph
E) serous fluid

Answer 6

E) serous fluid

Question 7

C-shaped cartilage rings support the:

A) laryngopharynx
B) tertiary bronchi.
C) trachea.
D) terminal bronchioles.
E) All of these are supported by C-shaped rings.

Answer 7

C) trachea.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the wall of the trachea?

A) ciliated epithelial cells
B) mucus-producing cells
C) C-shaped plates of cartilage
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) elastic fibres

Answer 8

D) stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A) The walls of the alveoli contain mucus-producing cells
B) The pulmonary vessels carry oxygenated blood to the lung
C) The trachea branches directly into a right and left bronchiole, which then enter the lungs
D) The wall of the alveoli does not contain elastic fibres
E) Macrophages clear foreign particles from the alveolar space

Answer 9

E) Macrophages clear foreign particles from the alveolar space

Question 10

A tube which conducts air in the adult human body is supported by irregular pieces of cartilage embedded within its wall. Smooth muscle is present but has limited impact on the diameter of the tube. The epithelium lining the tube contains a mixture of ciliated and mucus-secreting cells. There are also tubular mucous glands within the wall. The tube is:

A) the trachea
B) a bronchiole
C) the larynx
D) a bronchus
E) the pharynx

Answer 10

D) a bronchus

Question 11

An airway of the lung is relatively thick-walled. It lacks supporting cartilage and there are no mucous glands. The diameter of the airway can be varied using smooth muscle in the wall. Most, but not all, of the cells lining the airway are ciliated. The airway is:

A) a bronchus
B) a bronchiole
C) the trachea
D) an alveolar sac
E) an alveolar duct

Answer 11

B) a bronchiole

Question 12

Which of the following is found throughout the respiratory tree, i.e. is present in both conducting and respiratory regions?

A) elastic fibers
B) Type II cells
C) ciliated epithelial cells
D) cartilage
E) mucus-secreting cells

Answer 12

A) elastic fibers

Question 13

The left lung:

A) is surrounded by a pleural cavity lined with mucus-secreting epithelial cells
B) is covered with a slippery parietal pleura
C) is supplied with deoxygenated blood via branches of the pulmonary vein
D) has three lobes
E) is attached to the left primary bronchus

Answer 13

E) is attached to the left primary bronchus

Question 14

The visceral pleura:

A) has air on one side and lung tissue on the other side
B) is composed of a thin layer of flattened cells covering the surface of the lung
C) covers the upper surface of the diaphragm
D) extends down the airways as far as the bronchioles
E) is the thin layer that forms the smooth lining of the thoracic cavities

Answer 14

B) is composed of a thin layer of flattened cells covering the surface of the lung

Question 15

Which one of the following statements about bronchi is correct?

A) bronchi are lined with an epithelium specialized to secrete and transport
mucous towards the alveoli
B) bronchi are airways that extend between the pharynx and the bronchioles
C) the diameter of their lumens is smaller than bronchioles
D) bronchi do not require cartilage to strengthen their walls
E) bronchi cannot participate in gas exchange because their walls are too thick to allow rapid diffusion

Answer 15

E) bronchi cannot participate in gas exchange because their walls are too thick to allow rapid diffusion

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the wall of a large bronchus?

A) type II cells
B) smooth muscle
C) ciliated cells
D) cartilage
E) elastic fibres

Answer 16

A) type II cells

Question 17

Which one of the following cells secretes surfactant in the lung?

A) squamous epithelial cell
B) type II cell
C) macrophage
D) red blood cell
E) type I cell

Answer 17

B) type II cell

Question 18

Concerning the lung:

A) The area of body surface exposed to air within the lungs is approximately equal to the surface area of skin.
B) The respiratory zone of the lung is the region where gas exchange takes place
C) A lung lobule is the group of airways supplied by a single segmental bronchus.
D) The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes the respiratory
bronchioles.
E) The area of body surface exposed to air within the lungs is less than the surface area of skin.

Answer 18

B) The respiratory zone of the lung is the region where gas exchange takes place

Question 19

The following statements about the respiratory zone of the respiratory system are correct EXCEPT:

A) it is the site of external respiration
B) it contains type I squamous pneumocytes
C) it begins around the 20th generation of branching
D) it contains respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
E) it includes airways both inside and outside the lungs

Answer 19

E) it includes airways both inside and outside the lungs

Question 20

A tube that conducts air in the adult human body is supported by c-shaped rings of cartilage. The cartilage rings are connected by a band of smooth muscle. The tube lies anterior to the oesophagus and is about 12 cm long. The tube is:

A) A bronchiole
B) The larynx
C) The trachea
D) The oropharynx
E) The right primary bronchus

Answer 20

C) The trachea

Question 21

”External respiration” means:

A) the metabolic reactions within cells which consume oxygen and yield energy
through the chemical breakdown of molecules such as glucose
B) all of the options are correct
C) the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in systemic capillaries and the
tissue fluid which surrounds them
D) the exchange of O2 and CO2 between air and blood which occurs in the alveoli
of the lungs
E) the flow of air into and out of the lungs by way of the conducting airways
during inspiration and expiration respectively

Answer 21

D) the exchange of O2 and CO2 between air and blood which occurs in the alveoli
of the lungs

Question 22

Cells that remove fine dust particles and other debris from the alveolar space are called:

A) type II cells
B) Club cells
C) alveolar macrophages
D) type I squamous pneumocytes
E) cuboidal ciliated epithelial cells

Answer 22

C) alveolar macrophages