Renal System

Question 1

Concerning the renal corpuscles:

A) the capsular space feeds directly into the distal convoluted tubule
B) the glomerular filter is made up of the following structural components:
(1) capillary endothelial cells, (2) basement membrane, (3) the outer capsule
C) the capillary endothelial cells are called podocytes
D) the renal corpuscles are all located in the medulla of the kidney
E) the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries contains pores

Answer 1

E) the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries contains pores

Question 2

Select the correct statement regarding the human kidney:

A) Cells that line the proximal convoluted tubule are the only cells of the body
which have a brush border of microvilli.
B) The ureter is continuous with the renal pelvis.
C) There are more lobes than there are lobules in the human kidney.
D) The glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule is in direct contact with blood.
E) The urinary space of the renal corpuscle is continuous with the distal
convoluted tubule.

Answer 2

B) The ureter is continuous with the renal pelvis.

Question 3

Which one of the following statements about the human kidney is correct?

A) The renal columns are made of medullary tissue.
B) The renal artery enters the kidney and branches directly into the interlobular
arteries.
C) The sequence of flow of fluid in the nephron and collecting duct is the
following: glomerular capsule (surrounding the glomerulus) - proximal
convoluted tubule - distal convoluted tubule - loop of Henle - collecting duct.
D) The path of urine drainage in the human kidney is the following: renal pyramid - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - ureter.
E) The path of urine drainage in the human kidney is the following: renal pyramid - renal pelvis - minor calyx - major calyx - ureter - urinary bladder.

Answer 3

D) The path of urine drainage in the human kidney is the following: renal pyramid - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - ureter.

Question 4

Which of the following is located exclusively in the renal pyramid?

A) afferent arteriole
B) renal column
C) vasa recta
D) proximal convoluted tubule
E) glomerulus

Answer 4

C) vasa recta

Question 5

Glomerular capillary endothelial cells of the kidney are found within the:

A) minor calyx
B) collecting duct
C) proximal tubule
D) vasa recta
E) renal corpuscle

Answer 5

E) renal corpuscle

Question 6

The part of a juxtamedullary nephron that is in the renal medulla is the:

A) loop of Henle.
B) entire nephron.
C) renal corpuscle.
D) glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule only. E) glomerulus only.

Answer 6

A) loop of Henle.

Question 7

Which one of the following statements about the nephron of the human kidney is CORRECT?

A) the route of flow of fluid in the nephron is the following: glomerular capsule
(surrounding the glomerulus) - distal convoluted tubule - proximal convoluted
tubule - collecting duct
B) the single layer of epithelial cells lining the tubular components of the nephron
is involved in transporting materials back and forth between the lumen of the
tubule and the capillaries surrounding the tubule
C) blood vessels closely surround the nephron in the cortex, but not in the medulla
D) the glomerular filter is made up of the following structural components:
(1) endothelial cells containing pores, (2) basement membrane, and
(3) epithelial cells containing microvilli
E) the route of flow of fluid in the nephron is the following: glomerular capsule
(surrounding the glomerulus) - proximal tubule - loop of Henle - collecting duct - distal tubule

Answer 7

B) the single layer of epithelial cells lining the tubular components of the nephron
is involved in transporting materials back and forth between the lumen of the
tubule and the capillaries surrounding the tubule

Question 8

Which of the following lists the vessels in the correct order of blood flow?

A) peritubular capillaries, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole
B) afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
C) efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
D) efferent arteriole, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries
E) afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, glomerulus

Answer 8

B) afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries

Question 9

Which of the following lists the nephron regions in the correct order of fluid flow?
A) loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal
convoluted tubule
B) glomerular capsule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal
convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule,
glomerular capsule
D) proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule,
glomerular capsule
E) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal
convoluted tubule

Answer 9

E) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal
convoluted tubule

Question 10

Podocytes of the kidney are found within the

A) renal corpuscle
B) distal tubule
C) vasa recta
D) proximal tubule
E) collecting duct

Answer 10

A) renal corpuscle

Question 11

A fall in blood pressure would be most likely to result in:

A) increase in atrial natriuretic peptide
B) a decrease in antidiuretic hormone
C) a decrease in sympathetic nerve activity
D) vasodilation
E) increase in the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 11

E) increase in the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells

Question 12

The gradient upon which the transport of so many substances in the tubules is dependent is produced primarily by:

A) water
B) permeability
C) the Na+/K+ ATPase pump
D) blood flow
E) pressure

Answer 12

C) the Na+/K+ ATPase pump

Question 13

An obstruction in the renal artery resulting in a decrease in the perfusion pressure within the kidney would lead to:

A) an increase in urine production
B) decrease in sympathetic nerve activity
C) decreased renal blood flow and decrease release of renin
D) decreased renal blood flow and increased secretion of renin
E) increased renal blood flow and increased release of renin

Answer 13

D) decreased renal blood flow and increased secretion of renin

Question 14

After the consumption of one litre of water, which of the following is most likely to occur?

A) urine production would be reduced
B) plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone would decrease
C) plasma levels of angiotensin II would be increased
D) Na+ excretion would be reduced
E) glomerular filtration rate would be reduced

Answer 14

B) plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone would decrease

Question 15

The factor most likely to result in the release of renin is:

A) an increase in blood volume
B) an increase in arterial pressure
C) a decrease in sympathetic nerve activity
D) a high level of angiotensin II
E) an increase in sympathetic nerve activity

Answer 15

E) an increase in sympathetic nerve activity

Question 16

The most important function of the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus is to:

A) release renin in response to a drop in renal blood pressure or blood flow.
B) produce chemicals that change the diameter of the loop of Henle.
C) make sure that the diameter of the efferent arteriole is kept larger then that of the afferent arteriole.
D) produce antidiuretic hormone in response to increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
E) secrete water and sodium into the tubular fluid.

Answer 16

A) release renin in response to a drop in renal blood pressure or blood flow.

Question 17

If there were an obstruction in the renal artery, one might expect to see: 

A) a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
B) an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
C) an increase in the release of renin.
D) Both a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in the release of renin are correct.
E) Both an increase in the release of renin and an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are correct.

Answer 17

D) Both a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in the release of renin are correct.

Question 18

The permeability of the collecting ducts to water is regulated by:

A) renin.
B) atrial natriuretic peptide.
C) angiotensinogen.
D) aldosterone.
E) antidiuretic hormone.

Answer 18

E) antidiuretic hormone.

Question 19

Filtration of blood in the glomeruli is promoted by:

A) blood hydrostatic pressure.
B) blood colloid osmotic pressure.
C) both blood colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure.
D) capsular hydrostatic pressure.
E) both blood hydrostatic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure.

Answer 19

A) blood hydrostatic pressure.