respiratory system

Question 1

respiratory volumes - minute ventilation (VE)

-give equation and trained and untrained values for rest and maximal

Answer 1

• volume of air inspired or expired per minute
• VE = TV x f
• untrained = (rest - 6-7.6l/min) & (max - 100-150l/min)
• trained = (rest - 5.5-6l/min) & (max - 160-210l/min)

Question 2

respiratory volumes - breathing rate (f)

Answer 2

• number of inspirations and expirations per minute
• untrained = (rest - 12-15b/min) & (max - 40-50b/min)
• trained = (rest = 11-12b/min) & (max - 50-60b/min)

Question 3

respiratory volumes - tidal volume (TV)

Answer 3

-volume of air inspired or expired per breath, average = 500ml
-untrained = (rest - 0.5L) & (max - 2.5-3L)
trained = (rest = 0.5L) & (max - 3-3.5L)

Question 4

breathing rate response to exercise

Answer 4

f ^ in proportion to intensity until maximum is reached. in sub-maximal, f can plateau as O2 supply meets demands

Question 5

TV response to exercise

Answer 5

initially in proportion to intensity, but plateaus due to an ^ breathing rate not allowing enough time for max inhalations/exhalations

Question 6

VE response to exercise

Answer 6

at first ^ (release of adrenaline) but then light intensity platueas, moderate ^ and heavy rlly ^

Question 7

what is the sensory information during respiratory regulation during exercise

Answer 7

chemoreceptors - ⬆CO2, ⬇O2
thermoreceptors - ⬆️temperature
proprioceptors - ⬆️movement
baroreceptors - lung inflation

Question 8

what happens in the RCC during exercise

Answer 8

combonation of IC (inspiratory centre) and EC (expiratory centre)
— at rest, only IC - responsible for rythmical cycle of breathing

Question 9

what happens during inspiration in the RCC during exercise

Answer 9

• chemo, proprio and thermo inform the IC
• causes external intercostals and diaphragm to contract with more force via phrenic nerve
• also recruits sternocloidomastoid and pectoralis minor
• ⬆️volume of thoracic cavity and ⬇️pressure
• ribs and sternum move up and out

Question 10

what happens during exhalation in the RCC during exercise

Answer 10

• baroreceptors inform the EC
• causes external intercostals and diaphragm to relax - dome shape
• also recruits internal intercostals and rectus abdominals
• ⬇️volume & ⬆️pressure more than at rest

Question 11

what is the effect of exercise on the RCC

Answer 11

⬇TV (depth) ⬆frequency to maximise efficient respiration

Question 12

Gaseous exchange - where is the ppO2 move from and to in the alveoli and capillaries and muscles and capillaries at rest and exercise

Answer 12

rest - high (alveoli) to low (capillaries)
exercise - same as at rest (alveoli) to lower than at rest (capillaries)
rest - high (capillaries) to low (muscles)
exercise - same as rest (capillaries) to lower than at rest (muscles)

Question 13

Gaseous exchange - where is the ppCO2 move from and to in the alveoli and capillaries and muscles and capillaries at rest and exercise

Answer 13

rest - high (capillaries) to low (alveoli)
exercise - higher than rest (capillaries) to same as rest (alveoli)
rest - high (muscles) to low (capillaries)
exercise - higher than rest (muscles) to same as rest (capillaries)