respiratory system

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

carry blood away from heart

Question 2

capillaries

Answer 2

smallest blood vessels, location of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid, have small diameter and thin walls, chemicals and gases diffuse across walls

Question 3

Veins

Answer 3

return blood to heart, collect blood from capillaries in tissues and organs, larger in diameter than arteries, have lower blood pressure

Question 4

Differences between arteries and veins

Answer 4

• arteries and veins run side by side
• arteries have thicker walls and high blood pressure (faster blood flow)
• collapsed artery has small , round lumen
• vein has a large, flat lumen
• vein lining contracts, artery lining does not
• arteries more elastic
• veins have valves

Question 5

Capillary structure

Answer 5

small lumen

wall is made of single layer of cells

Question 6

there are 3 main kinds of blood vessels

Answer 6

arteries ,veins and capillaries

Question 7

artery structure

Answer 7

has a thick outer wall
a small lumen
thick layers of muscles and elastic fibers

Question 8

vein structure

Answer 8

a thin layer of muscle and elastic
fiber
large lumen
fairly thin outer wall
-has valves

Question 9

arteries function/
structure of wall
lumen

Answer 9

carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
thick stong,contains muscles and elastic fibres
lumen is narrow

Question 10

capillaries function/
structure of wall
lumen

Answer 10

supplys all cells with their requirements
very thin
very narrow

Question 11

veins function
structure of wall
lumen

Answer 11

return blood to the heart at low pressure
thin wall
wide lumen

Question 12

differences between veins and capillaries

Answer 12

• veins carry deoxygenated blood
• capilaries cary both oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
• veins have thin walls because they are low pressure
• capiliarrys have very thin walls (1 cell thick) so diffusion can occur
  -veins have valves
  -capilaries dont have valves
  -

Question 13

Direction blood is carried in arteries:

Answer 13

Away from the heart

Question 14

Direction blood is carried in veins:

Answer 14

to the heart

Question 15

Direction blood is carried in the capillaries:

Answer 15

Direction blood is carried in veins:
From the tissue to the heart
Direction blood is carried in the capillaries:
Exchange of waste, oxygen and nutrients occurs between blood and tissues

Question 16

Size of the lumen in the arteries:

Answer 16

Narrow lumen helps to maintain high blood pressure

Question 17

Size of the lumen in the veins:

Answer 17

Large lumen to reduce resistance to blood flow

Question 18

Size of the lumen in the capillaries:

Answer 18

Very narrow

Question 19

what are the adaptations for efficient gas exchange

Answer 19

Large surface area

Thin so short diffusion pathway across the gas exchange surface.

Question 20

what is emphysema and how does it affect the body ?

Answer 20

a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture

Question 21

what is asthma and how does it affect the body?

Answer 21

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath.

Question 22

the process of inhaling

Answer 22

The rib cage moves upwards and outwards and the diaphragm flattens, increasing the volume of the thorax and the air pressure to become lower than atmospheric pressure in the thorax, causing air to move into the lungs.

Question 23

the process of exhaling

Answer 23

the ribcage moves downwards and inwards and the diaphragm domes, causing the pressure to be raised in the thorax again and forcing air out.

Question 24

Ciliated epithelial cells

Answer 24

sweep mucus and the dust it carries up the bronchi and trachea and out of the mouth

Question 25

Goblet cells

Answer 25

The primary function of goblet cells is to secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer.

Question 26

Smooth muscle

Answer 26

The smooth muscle is used to control the diameter and length of the bronchii - it contracts during expiration to help expel the air. There is also lots of elastin present as in the trachea.

Question 27

Cartilage

Answer 27

provide stability and help to prevent the trachea from collapsing and blocking off the airways

Question 28

Describe the role of the alveoli in the lungs.

Answer 28

The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen breathed in from the air passes through the alveoli and into the blood and travels to the tissues throughout the body.

Question 29

Explain why One layer of squamous epithelial cells in the alveoli is essential

Answer 29

so gas can diffuse into the blood stream easily and efficiently

Question 30

Describe how emphysema affects the alveoli and the impact this has on gas exchange.

Answer 30

In emphysema, the inner walls of the lungs’ air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, causing them to eventually rupture. This creates one larger air space instead of many small ones and reduces the surface area available for gas exchange.