Respiratory System Flashcards
Mucous (nose)
keeps nasal cavity warm and humid
Cilia (nose)
small hairs that line nose
Hard palette
bone
Soft palette
Muscle
Pharynx
- Throat
Nasopharynx - nasal portion
Oropharynx - oral /mouth portion
Laryngopharynx - Opening of larynx and oesophagus, contains epiglottis
Larynx
Voice box
Short section of cartilage that connects pharynx and trachea
Contains vocal chords
How to create volume
Push more air through the vocal cords
How to create pitch
Changing tension and thickness of vocal cords
Articulation
Use of tongue, lips, mouth, teeth to produce different sounds
Trachea
Windpipe
surrounded by cartilaginous rings to prevent from collapsing
Mucous membranes collect dust and move up to be swallowed
Bronchi and bronchioles
Trachea divides into two bronchi and bronchi divides into many smaller bronchioles
Lungs structure
Covered by pleura (thin membrane) which reduces friction.
Superior lobe - upper parts
Middle lobe - middle section
Inferior lobe - lowest part
cardiac notch - ‘dent’ in left lung to allow room for heart
Alveoli
Smaller tubules that batch off from bronchioles until reach these air sacs. Clustered in grape like bunches
Diaphragm
Large flat muscle connected to the ribs at bottom of chest cavity
Tidal volume
Amount of air that is exchanged by lungs at rest
Inspiratory reserve volume
Additional amount of air that can be inhaled consciously
Expiratory reserve volume
Additional amount of air that can be exhale consciously
Residual volume
Amount of air in lungs after forced exhalation
Vital capacity
Amount of air someone can consciously exchange with the environment
Total lung capacity
Vital capacity + residual volume
This is about 6L in men and usually 10% less in females
External respiration
Lung/gas exchange
Internal respiration
tissue/gas exchange
Characteristics that help with gas exchange
- Alveoli surrounded by capillaries
- Membrane of alveolus is very thin
Movement/ cycle of respiration
Air Mouth or Nose Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Blood Cells
Emphysema
A disease of the lungs that damages the alveoli; caused by long term exposure to irritants
Lung Cancer
Growth of a tumour in the lungs
Lung infections (e.g. pneumonia, tuberculosis…)
Sn infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms, spread by droplets.
Asthma
An Allergic response to foreign substances that enter the body. Causes narrowing of the airways and difficulty breathing.
