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ANAPHY > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs in the respiratory system?

A 
NOSE
PHARYNX
LARYNX
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
LUNGS-ALVEOLI
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2
Q

The only externally visible part of the respiratory system

A

NOSE

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3
Q

Are the route through which air enters the nose

A

NOSTRILS (NARES)

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4
Q

The interior of the nose

A

NASAL CAVITY

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5
Q

Divides the nasal cavity

A

NASAL SEPTUM

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6
Q

Any area open to the outside of the body is lined with _________ membrane, which is a “wet” or moist membrane

A

MUCOUS (MUCOSA)

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7
Q

Located in the mucosa on the superior surface

A

OLFACTORY RECEPTORS

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8
Q

Projections from the lateral walls

A

CONCHAE

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9
Q

Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

A

PALATE

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10
Q

Cavities within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones surrounding the nasal cavity

A

PARANASAL SINUSES

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11
Q

Functions of the sinuses

A
  • LIGHTEN THE SKULL
  • RESONANCE CHAMBERS FOR SPEECH
  • RODUCE MUCUS
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12
Q

Commonly called the throat and is the muscular passageway from nasal cavity to larynx

A

PHARYNX

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13
Q

Three regions of the Pharynx

A

NASOPHARYNX
OROPHARYNX
LARYNGOPHARYNX

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14
Q

Superior region behind nasal cavity

A

NASOPHARYNX

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15
Q

Middle region behind mouth

A

OROPHARYNX

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16
Q

Inferior region attached to larynx

A

LARYNGOPHARYNX

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17
Q

____________ and ____________ serve as common passageway for air and food

A

OROPHARYNX; LARYNGOPHARYNX

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18
Q

Routes food into the posterior tube, the esophagus

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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19
Q

Open into the nasopharynx and drain the middle ear

A

PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBES

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20
Q

Clusters of lymphatic tissue that plays a role in protecting the body from infection

A

TONSIL

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21
Q

A single tonsil, located in the nasopharynx

A

PHARYNGEAL TONSIL

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22
Q

Located in the oropharynx at the end of the soft palate

A

PALATINE TONSIL

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23
Q

Found at the base of the tongue

A

LINGUAL TONSIL

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24
Q

Commonly called the voice box and routes air and food into proper channels. Plays a role in speech.

A

LARYNX

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25
Q

Larynx is made of _____ rigid hyaline cartilages

A

Eight

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26
Q

The largest cartilage in the larynx

A

THYROID CARTILAGE (ADAM’S APPLE)

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27
Q

Spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage and protects the superior opening of the larynx

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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28
Q

Also called the true vocal cords. Vibrates with expelled air and allows us to speak

A

VOCAL FOLDS

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29
Q

Includes the vocal cords and the opening between the vocal cords

A

GLOTTIS

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30
Q

Commonly called the windpipe. 4-inch-long tube that connects to the larynx

A

TRACHEA

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31
Q

Formed by division of the trachea

A

BRONCHI

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32
Q

Each bronchus enters the lung at the _______

A

HILUM (MEDIAL DEPRESSION)

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33
Q

Side of bronchus that is wider, shorter, and straighter than left

A

RIGHT BRONCHUS

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34
Q

Occupy the entire thoracic cavity except for the central mediastinum

A

LUNGS

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35
Q

Apex of each lung is near the _________ and base rests on the __________

A

CLAVICLE; DIAPHRAGM

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36
Q

The left lung is divided into ______ lobes and the right lung is divided into ______ lobes.

A

TWO; THREE

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37
Q

Covers the outer surface of the lungs

A

SEROSA

38
Q

Covers the lung surface

A

VISCERAL PLEURA

39
Q

Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

A

PARIETAL PLEURA

40
Q

Smallest conducting passageways

A

BRONCHIOLES

41
Q

The only site of gas exchange

A

ALVEOLI

42
Q

The network of branching passageways

A

BRONCHIAL TREE

43
Q

Respiratory zone includes the:

A
  • RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES
  • ALVEOLAR DUCTS
  • ALVEOLAR SACS
  • ALVEOLI
44
Q

This zone structures include all other passageways

A

CONDUCTING ZONE

45
Q

Simple squamous epithelial cells largely compose the walls

A

ALVEOLI

46
Q

Covers the external surfaces of Alveoli

A

PULMONARY CAPILLARIES

47
Q

Formed by alveoli and capillary walls

A

RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE (AIR-BLOOD BARRIER)

48
Q

Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by __________

A

DIFFUSION

49
Q

During diffusion, oxygen enters the _______ and carbon dioxide enters the _______

A

BLOOD; ALVEOLI

50
Q

Add protection by picking up bacteria, carbon particles and other debris

A

ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES (“DUST CELLS”)

51
Q

A lipid molecule that coats gas-exposed alveolar surfaces

A

SURFACTANT

52
Q

Four distinct events of respiration

A
  • PULMONARY VENTILATION
  • EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
  • RESPIRATORY GAS TRANSPORT
  • INTERNAL RESPIRATION
53
Q

Moving air into and out of the lungs (commonly called breathing)

A

PULMONARY VENTILATION

54
Q

Gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli

A

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

55
Q

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream

A

RESPIRATORY GAS TRANSPORT

56
Q

Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries

A

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

57
Q

Mechanical process that depends on volume changes in the thoracic cavity

A

PULMONARY VENTILATION

58
Q

Two phases of pulmonary ventilation

A

INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

59
Q

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract

A

INSPIRATION

60
Q

Can occur mostly by contraction of internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage

A

EXPIRATION (EXHALATION)

61
Q

The pressure within the pleural space is always _________

A

NEGATIVE

62
Q

Major factor preventing lung collapse

A

INTRAPLEURAL PRESSURE

63
Q

Factors affecting respiratory capacity

A
  • SIZE
  • SEX
  • AGE
  • PHYSICAL CONDITION
64
Q

Normal quiet breathing. 500 ml of air is moved in/out of lungs with each breath

A

TIDAL VOLUME (TV)

65
Q

Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume. Usually around 3,100 ml.

A

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV)

66
Q

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration. Approximately 1,200 ml

A

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV)

67
Q

Air remaining in lung after expiration. Cannot be voluntarily exhaled. Allow gas exchange to go on continuously, even between breaths, and helps keep alveoli open (inflated)

A

RESIDUAL VOLUME

68
Q

The total amount of exchangeable air. 4800 ml in men; 3100 ml in women

A

VITAL CAPACITY

69
Q

Air that remains in conducting zone and never reaches alveoli. About 150 ml

A

DEAD SPACE VOLUME

70
Q

Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone. Usually about 350 ml

A

FUNCTIONAL VOLUME

71
Q

Respiratory capacities are measured with a __________

A

SPIROMETER

72
Q

Can be caused by reflexes or voluntary actions

A

NON RESPIRATORY AIR MOVEMENTS

73
Q

Two recognizable sounds that can be heard with a stethoscope

A

BRONCHIAL SOUNDS AND VESICULAR BREATHING SOUNDS

74
Q

Produced by air rushing through large passageways such as the trachea and bronchi

A

BRONCHIAL SOUNDS

75
Q

Soft sounds of air filling alveoli

A

VESICULAR BREATHING SOUNDS

76
Q

For carbon dioxide to diffuse out of blood into the alveoli, it must be released from its __________ form

A

BICARBONATE

77
Q

Setting the basic rhythm

A

NEURAL REGULATION

78
Q

Activity of respiratory muscles is transmitted to and from the brain by ________ and _________ nerves

A

PHRENIC; INTERCOSTAL

79
Q

Neural centers that control rate and depth are located in the __________ and __________

A

MEDULLA; PONS

80
Q

Sets basic rhythm of breathing and contains a pacemaker (self-exciting inspiratory center) called the ventral respiratory group (VRG)

A

MEDULLA

81
Q

Smoothes out respiratory rate

A

PONS

82
Q

Increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen needs

A

HYPERPNEA

83
Q

The normal respiratory rate (eupnea)

A

12 to 18 respirations per minute

84
Q

Increased respiratory rate, often due to extra oxygen needs

A

HYPERVENTILATION

85
Q

Results when blood becomes alkaline

A

HYPOVENTILATION

86
Q

Exemplified by chronic bronchitis and emphysema

A

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

87
Q

Mucosa of the lower respiratory passages becomes severely inflamed

A

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

88
Q

Patients with chronic bronchitis are called as __________

A

BLUE BLOATERS

89
Q

Alveoli walls are destroyed; remaining alveoli enlarge

A

EMPHYSEMA

90
Q

Patients suffering with emphysema are called _________

A

PINK PUFFERS

91
Q

Leading cause of cancer death for men and women

A

LUNG CANCER

92
Q

Chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchiole passages

A

ASTHMA

ANAPHY (6 decks)

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