Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY > MUSCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Three basic muscle types found in the body

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prefixes _____ and _____ refer to muscle

A

MYO; MYS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prefix “sarco” means ______

A

FLESH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most are attached by tendons to bones and the cells are multinucleate. These muscles are striated and voluntary.

A

SKELETAL MUSCLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Encloses a single muscle fiber

A

ENDOMYSIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Wraps around a fascicle of muscle fibers

A

PERIMYSIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Covers the entire skeletal muscle

A

EPIMYSIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

On the outside of the epimysium

A

FASCIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are cord-like structures and most collagen fibers. Often cross a joint due to toughness and small size.

A

TENDONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are sheet-like structures. Attach muscles indirectly to bones, cartilages, or connective tissue coverings.

A

APONEUROSES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sites of muscle attachments

A

BONES
CARTILAGE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERINGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lack striations. Spindle-shaped cells and are single nucleus. These muscles are involuntary and found mainly in the walls of hollow organs.

A

SMOOTH MUSCLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Striations are present. Usually has single nucleus and are involuntary and only found in the walls of the heart.

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are specialized plasma membrane

A

SARCOLEMMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Long organelles inside muscle cells

A

MYOFIBRILS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Light band and contains only thin filaments

A

I BAND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dark band and contains the entire length of the thick filaments

A

A BAND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Contractile unit of muscle fiber

A

SACROMERE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thick filaments

A

MYOSIN FILAMENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thin filaments

A

ACTIN FILAMENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The zone in the A band that lacks actin filaments

A

H ZONE OR BARE ZONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stores and releases calcium. Surrounds the myofibril.

A

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ability to receive and respond stimulus

A

EXCITABILITY (RESPONSIVENESS OR IRRITABILITY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received

A

CONTRACTILITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ability of muscle cells to be stretched

A

EXTENSIBILITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ability to recoil and resume resting length after stretching

A

ELASTICITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Skeletal muscles are stimulated by a ____________ to contract

A

MOTOR NEURON (NERVE CELL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

One motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells stimulated by that neuron

A

MOTOR UNIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Association site of axon terminal of the motor neuron and muscle

A

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Gap between nerve and muscle

A

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

32
Q

Chemical released by nerve upon arrival of nerve impulse in the axon terminal

A

NEUROTRANSMITTER

33
Q

The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscles

A

ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh)

34
Q

Muscle fiber contraction is “_____ or _____”

A

ALL; NONE

35
Q

Different degrees of skeletal muscle shortening

A

GRADED RESPONSES

36
Q

Graded responses can be produced by changing the _________ of muscle stimulation and the _________ of muscles being stimulated at one time

A

FREQUENCY; NUMBER

37
Q

Type of graded response wherein there is a single, brief contraction. Not a normal muscle function.

A

TWITCH

38
Q

One contraction is immediately followed by another

A

SUMMING OF CONTRACTIONS

39
Q

Some relaxations occurs between contractions but nerve stimuli arrive at an even faster rate than during summing of contractions

A

UNFUSED (INCOMPLETE) TETANUS

40
Q

No evidence of relaxation before the following contractions.

A

FUSED (COMPLETE) TETANUS

41
Q

Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy (about 32 ATP)

A

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

42
Q

Reaction that breaks down glucose without oxygen. Glucose is broken down to Pyruvic acid to produce 2 ATP. Pyruvic acid is then converted to lactic acid.

A

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

43
Q

Common cause for muscle fatigue

A

OXYGEN DEBT

44
Q

The muscle shortens and movement occurs. Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions. (Ex: Bending the knee, rotating the arm)

A

ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS

45
Q

Tension in the muscle increases. The muscle is unable to shorten or produce movement. (Ex: Push against a wall with bent elbows)

A

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS

46
Q

Results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue (Ex: Biking and Jogging)

A

AEROBIC (ENDURANCE) EXERCISE

47
Q

Increase muscle size and strength. (Ex: Weight lifting)

A

RESISTANCE (ISOMETRIC) EXERCISE

48
Q

Muscles are attached to at least two points. The _______ and the ________

A

ORIGIN; INSERTION

49
Q

Attachment to a movable bone

A

ORIGIN

50
Q

Attachment to an immovable bone

A

INSERTION

51
Q

Decreases the angle of the joint. Brings two bones closer together.

A

FLEXION

52
Q

Opposite of flexion. Increases angle between two bones.

A

EXTENSION

53
Q

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. Common in ball-and-socket joints.

A

ROTATION

54
Q

Movement of limb away from the midline

A

ABDUCTION

55
Q

Movement of a limb toward the midline

A

ADDUCTION

56
Q

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

A

CIRCUMDUCTION

57
Q

Lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin (toward the dorsum)

A

DORSIFLEXION

58
Q

Depressing the foot (Pointing the toes). “Planting the foot toward the sole.

A

PLANTAR FLEXION

59
Q

Turn sole of foot medially

A

INVERSION

60
Q

Turn sole of foot laterally

A

EVERSION

61
Q

Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly. Radius and ulna are parallel

A

SUPINATION

62
Q

Forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly. Radius and ulna cross each other like an X.

A

PRONATION

63
Q

Move thumb to touch the tips of other finger on the same hand.

A

OPPOSITION

64
Q

Muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement (Agonist)

A

PRIME MOVER

65
Q

Muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover

A

ANTAGONIST

66
Q

Muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement that helps prevent rotation.

A

SYNERGIST

67
Q

Stabilizes the origin of a prime mover

A

FIXATOR

68
Q

Raises eyebrows

A

FRONTALIS

69
Q

Closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks

A

ORBICULARIS OCULI

70
Q

Closes mouth and protrudes the lips

A

ORBICULARIS ORIS

71
Q

Flattens the cheek, chews

A

BUCCINATOR

72
Q

Raises corners of the mouth

A

ZYGOMATICUS

73
Q

Closes the jaw and elevates

A

MASSETER

74
Q

Synergist of the masseter, closes jaw.

A

TEMPORALIS

75
Q

Pulls the corner of the mouth inferiorly

A

PLATYSMA

76
Q

Flexes the neck, rotates the head

A

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

ANAPHY (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions