Respiratory System

Question 1

Gas exchange

Answer 1

-The process of gas exchange is called respiration, the interchange of O2 and CO2 between the organism and its environment

Question 2

3 Phases of Gas Exchange

Answer 2

• Breathing
• Transport of oxygen and CO2 in the blood
• The body takes up oxygen and releases CO2

Question 3

Cellular respiration

Answer 3

-Requires a continuous supply of O2 and disposal of CO2

Question 4

Diaphragm

Answer 4

• Separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

- Helps ventilate the lungs

Question 5

Nose

Answer 5

-Air inhaled through the nose is warmed and humidified and sampled for odors

Question 6

Air passes

Answer 6

• The Pharynx
• The larynx, past the vocal cords
• Into the trachea, held open by cartilage rings
• A par of bronchi
• The alveoli, clusters of air sacs where gas exchange occurs and O2 diffuses into the blood and CO2 out

Question 7

Surfactants

Answer 7

• Specialized secretions required to keep the walls of the alveoli from sticking shut
• Babies born 6 or more weeks premature often struggle with respiratory distress due to an inadequate amount

Question 8

Exposure to pollutants

Answer 8

• Can cause irritation and inflammation of the lungs

- Ex/ air pollution and tobacco smoke

Question 9

COPD

Answer 9

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can result from exposure to pollutants
• Two types of COPD are chronic emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 10

Emphysema

Answer 10

• Type of COPD involves the destruction of the alveolar membranes
• Loss of surface area for gas exchange

Question 11

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 11

• Involves inflammation of bronchial tubes

- Increased mucus production

Question 12

Negative pressure and breathing

Answer 12

• The alternate inhalation and exhalation of air (ventilation)
• In mammals, inhalation occurs when the ribs expand, the diaphragm moves don and lung pressure decreases
• Exhalation is the opposite
• Not all air is expelled during exhalation, some air still remains in the system (dead air)

Question 13

Breathing control centers

Answer 13

• Are in the brain and sense and respond to CO2

- A drop in pH increases rate and depth of breathing

Question 14

Central chemoreceptors

Answer 14

-Are in the pons and medulla oblongata

Question 15

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 15

-Are in the walls of large arteries such as the aorta and carotid artery

Question 16

The right side of the heart

Answer 16

-Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

Question 17

The left side of the hear

Answer 17

-Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body

Question 18

In the lungs, blood…

Answer 18

-picks up O2 and drops CO2

Question 19

In the body tissues, blood..

Answer 19

-drops off O2 and picks up CO2