Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

nasal cavity includes

A

nose, nares, cavity separated by septum

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2
Q

pharynx

A

throat, cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth

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3
Q

larynx

A

voice organ, contains the vocal chords

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4
Q

trachea

A

windpipe; tube reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage to prevent its collapse

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5
Q

bronchioles

A

3 Separation *Primary
*Secondary
*Tertiary
one of the subdivisions of branched bronchial tree

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6
Q

alveolus

A

where the gas exchange takes place;

  • tiny sacs where gas exchange takes place
  • found at the end of the terminal bronchioles
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7
Q

diaphram

A
  • muscle that controls breathing
  • muscular partition that separates thoracic cavity abdominal cavity
  • aids in breathing
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8
Q

Respiratory System primary function is….

A
  • gas exchange*
    • happens in the alveolus
  • provide O2 to body cells for energy metabolism
  • eliminate CO2 a byproduct of metabolism
  • inspiration of O2
  • expiration of CO2
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9
Q

breathing in

A

inspiration

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10
Q

breathing out

A

expiration

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11
Q

breathing/cf

A

pne/o = combing form

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12
Q

breathing/-s

A

-pnea

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13
Q

air/cf

A

pneum/o* = combing form

   *can also mean lung
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14
Q

pneumotherapy

A

treatment with compressed air

- therapy - treatment

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15
Q

pneumometer

A

instrument that measures air volume in respiration

-meter - instrument

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16
Q

spirometer

A

instrument that measures lung volume

- meter - instrument

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17
Q

pneumoderma

A

collection of air under skin

pneum/o - air
derm/a - skin

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18
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in chest cavity

pneum/o - air
thor/o - chest

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19
Q

pneumopyothorax

A

collection of air and pus in chest cavity

pneum/o - air
py/o - pus
thor/o - chest

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20
Q

pneumohemothorax

A

collection of air and blood in chest cavity

pneum/o - air
hem/o - blood
thor/o - chest

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21
Q

nose/cf (x2)

A

nas/o

rhin/o

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22
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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23
Q

pharynx/cf

A

pharyng/o

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24
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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25
Q

larynx/cf

A

laryng/o

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26
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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27
Q

trachea/cf

A

trache/o

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28
Q

bronchi or bronchus/cf

A

bronch/o

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29
Q

bronchioles/cf

A

bronchiol/o

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30
Q

alveoli or alveolus/cf

A

alveol/o

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31
Q

diaphram/cf

A

phren/o

diaphragm/o

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32
Q

lung/cf (x2)

A

pulmon/o

pneumon/o

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33
Q

air/cf

A

pneum/o

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34
Q

nasal

A

pertaining to nose

nas/o = nose cf
-al - pertaining to

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35
Q

nasitis

A

inflammation of nasal cavity

nas/o - nasal cavity
-itis - inflammation

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36
Q

nasoscope

A

instrument used to examine nasal cavity

nas/o - nasal cavity
-scope - instrument used to examine

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37
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of nose and pharynx

nas/o - nose
pharyng/o - pharynx
itis - inflammation

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38
Q

nasofrontal

A

pertaining to nasal and frontal bone

nas/o - nose
front/o - frontal bone
-al - pertaining to

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39
Q

nasolacrimal

A

pertaining to nose and lacrimal (tear) duct

nas/o - nose
lacrim/o - tear duct
-al - pertaining to

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40
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

Greek - to drip

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41
Q

pharyngopathy

A

any pharynx disease

pharyng/o - throat
-pathy - disease

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42
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of pharynx

pharyng/o - throat
-itis - inflammation

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43
Q

pharyngocele

A

herniation of pharynx

pharyng/o - throat
-cele - herniation

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44
Q

pharyngolith

A

calculus in wall of pharynx

pharyng/o - throat
-lith - calculus; stone

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45
Q

pharyngotomy

A

incision of throat

pharyng/o - throat
-otomy - incision into

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46
Q

pharyngoplasty

A

surgical repair of throat

pharyng/o - throat
-plasty - surgical repair

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47
Q

pharyngoscope

A

instrument used to examine throat

pharyng/o - throat
-scope - instrument

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48
Q

laryngopathy

A

any larynx disease

laryng/o - larynx
-pathy - disease

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49
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of larynx

laryng/o - larynx
-itis - inflammation

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50
Q

laryngalgia

A

pain in larynx

laryng/o - larynx
-gia - pain

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51
Q

laryngospasm

A

spasm of larynx

laryng/o - larynx
-spasm - spasm

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52
Q

laryngotomy

A

incision into larynx

laryng/o - larynx
-otomy - incision into

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53
Q

laryngostomy

A

surgical opening into larynx

laryng/o - larynx
-ostomy - surgical opening into

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54
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument used to examine larynx

laryng/o - larynx
-scope - instrument used to examine

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55
Q

tracheal

A

pertaining to trachea

trache/o - trachea
-al - pertaining to

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56
Q

endotracheal

A

within trachea

trache/o - trachea
endo- within
-al - noun ending

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57
Q

trachealgia

A

pain in trachea

trache/o - trachea
-gia - pain

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58
Q

tracheocele

A

herniation of trachea

trache/o - trachea
-cele - herniation

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59
Q

tracheorrhagia

A

hemorrhage from trachea

trache/o - trachea
-rrhagia - hemorrhage

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60
Q

tracheopyosis

A

condition of trachea with pus formation

trache/o - trachea
py/o - pus
-sis - condition

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61
Q

tracheoscopy

A

examination of trachea

trache/o - trachea
-scopy - examination

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62
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into trachea

trache/o - trachea
-otomy - incision into

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63
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of new opening in trachea

trache/o - trachea
-stomy - the surgical creation of a new opening

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64
Q

tracheolaryngotomy

A

incision of trachea and larynx

trache/o - trachea
laryng/o - larynx
-otomy - incision into

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65
Q

pneumonopathy

A

any lung disease

pneumon/o - lungs
-pathy - disease

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66
Q

pneumonorrhagia

A

hemorrhage of lungs

pneumon/o - lungs
-rrhagia - hemorrhage

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67
Q

pneumonomelanosis

A

lung disease characterized by black lung

pneumon/o - lungs
melan/o - black
-is - noun ending

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68
Q

pulmonary and pulmonic

A

pertaining to lungs

pulmon/o - lungs

  • ary - pertaining to
  • ic - pertaining to
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69
Q

cardiopulmonary

A

pertaining to heart and lungs

cardi/o - heart
pulmon/o - lungs
-ary - pertaining to

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70
Q

pulmonary valve

A

heart valve through which blood travels to lungs

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71
Q

pulmonary embolus

A

blood clot moving to lung

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72
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchi

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73
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi

bronch/o - bronchi
-itis - inflammation

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74
Q

broncholith

A

calculus in bronchi

bronch/o - bronchi
-lith - calculus, stone

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75
Q

bronchorrhagia

A

bronchial hemorrhage

bronch/o - bronchi
-rrhagia - excessive flow or discharge

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76
Q

bronchospasm

A

spasm of bronchus

bronch/o - bronchi
-spasm - spasm

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77
Q

bronchoscope

A

instrument used to examine bronchi

bronch/o - bronchi
-scope - instrument used to examine

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78
Q

bronchoscopy

A

examination of bronchi with instrument

bronch/o - bronchi
-scopy - process of viewing

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79
Q

bronchorrhaphy

A

suturing of bronchus

bronch/o - bronchi
-rrhaphy - suturing

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80
Q

bronchorrhaphy

A

suturing of bronchus

bronch/o - bronchi
-rrhaphy - suturing

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81
Q

alveolar sclerosis

A

hardening of the alveoli

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82
Q

alveolar hemorrhage

A

bleeding originating from the microvasculature of the alveoli

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83
Q

hemoglobin transports ________ to cells

A

oxygen

84
Q

__________ moves from tissues into bloodstream

A

carbon dioxide

85
Q

CO2 moves into _______ and is exhaled

A

alveoli

86
Q

pleura

A

membrane around lungs

87
Q

pleura/cf

A

pleur/o

pleur/ae - plural form

88
Q

pleural

A

pertaining to pleura

pleur/o - pleura
-al - pertaining to

89
Q

pleuritis and pleurisy

A

inflammation of pleura

pleur/o - pleura

  • isis - inflammation
  • al - inflammation
90
Q

pleuralgia and pleurodynia

A

pain in pleura

pleur/o - pleura
-gia - pain

91
Q

pleuralgia and pleurodynia

A

pain in pleura

pleur/o - pleura
-algia - pain

92
Q

pleura

A

a double membrane around lungs and lines the thoracic cavity

93
Q

pleurocentesis

A

surgical puncturing of pleura

pleur/o - pleura
-centesis - surgical puncturing of pleura

94
Q

pleurectomy

A

surgical removal of part of pleura

pleur/o - pleura
-ectomy - surgical removal

95
Q

diaphragm/cf

A

phren/o and diaphragm/o

phrenic and diaphragmatic - adjectival forms

96
Q

diaphragmatic breathing

A

automatic breathing controlled by brain signaling diaphragm

97
Q

phrenoplegia

A

paralysis of diaphragm

phren/o - diaphragm
-plegia - paralysis

98
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of lungs

pneum/o - lungs
-itis - inflammation

99
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation of lungs

caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses

pneum/o - lungs
-ia - condition

100
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

dilated or expanded

101
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

102
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

103
Q

hyperpnea

A

increased rate and depth of breathing

104
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

105
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

106
Q

orthopnea

A

able to breathe only when sitting up or standing

107
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing

108
Q

orthopnea

A

able to breathe only when sitting up or standing

109
Q

hemoptysis

A

expectorating blood

110
Q

hyperventilation

A

excessive movement of air in and out of lungs

111
Q

hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen;

low oxygen levels in organs and tissues

112
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish color due to hypoxia

113
Q

abscess (lung)

A

a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues

114
Q

coryza

A

profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; the common cold

115
Q

effusion

A

escape of a fluid; exudation or transudation

116
Q

hiccup

A

sharp respiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and diaphragm

117
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of a sinus

118
Q

anoxia

A

without oxygen

119
Q

apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing; asphyxia

120
Q

dysophonia

A

voice impairment; difficulty speaking

121
Q

hiatus

A

a gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm

122
Q

Mantoux (test)

A

TB skin test

123
Q

rhinoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the nose

rhin/o - nose
-plasty - surgical repair

124
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

125
Q

pneumonotomy

A

incision into lung

pneum/o - lung
-otomy - incision into

126
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of part or all of lung

pneum/o - lung
-ectomy - surgical removal

127
Q

pneumonopexy

A

surgical fixation or attachment of prolapsed lung

pneum/o - lung
-pexy - surgical fixation

128
Q

sputum

A

a mixture of saliva and mucus and other fluids and substances in respiratory tract

129
Q

sputum/cf

A

ptyal/o

130
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up sputum containing blood

hem/o - blood
-ptysis - spitting

131
Q

ptyalorrhea

A

drooling due to excess saliva

ptyal/o - saliva
-rrhea - discharge, flow

132
Q

croup

A

barking cough

133
Q

asthma

A

inflammatory disease

134
Q

emphysema

A

(like chronic bronchitis, a type of COPD)
Terminal bronchioles and alveoli lose elasticity and ability to receive and expel air; chronic disease associated with overexpansion and destruction of the alveoli

135
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough

136
Q

intubation

A

insertion of a tube into a hollow organ, such as larynx or trachea for entrance of air

137
Q

exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood takes place in the ________

A

lungs

138
Q

lungs are two

____- ____ organs

A

cone-shaped

139
Q

lungs are located in the _______ _______

A

thoracic cavity

140
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity

141
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer that is attached to the surface of the lungs

142
Q

pleural space

A

the very thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura

143
Q

air enters through the ____

A

nose, warmed, filtered, and moistened

144
Q

cilia

A

microscopic hairlike projections from the cells that line the nose, sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination

145
Q

sputum

A

material eliminated from the respiratory tract by coughing or clearing throat

146
Q

the bones of the _____ and _____ near the nose are air-filled cavities lined with ____ ____ that drain into the ___ ___ ___

A

skull (and) face
mucus membranes
nasal cavity

147
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

sinus cavities in the sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses

148
Q

this is where receptors for the sense of smell are located within bony side projections of the nasal cavity

A

turbinate bones or conchae

149
Q

inhaled air passes in to the _______

A

pharynx - throat

150
Q

the pharynx is divided into ___ regions called the ______, ______, and ______ pharynx

A

nasopharynx -upper portion (adenoids)

oropharynx - lower portion (palatine tonsils)

laryngeal pharynx
palatine tonsils
adenoids

151
Q

pharynx conducts air into the _____

A

trachea

152
Q

expectoration

A

coughing

153
Q

thyroid cartilage at the front of the front of the larynx

A

“Adam’s apple”

154
Q

glottis

A

opening between the vocal cords

155
Q

small leaf-shaped cartilage at the top of the larynx (prevents food from entering the respiratory system

A

epiglottis

156
Q

the larynx contains the ___ ___

A

vocal cords

157
Q

trachea is contained in a region known as the _____

A

mediastinum

158
Q

the mediastinum region (space between the lungs) contains the ____, ____, ____, large vessels, and other ____

A

heart, esophagus, large vessels, and other tissues

159
Q

trachea divides into a right and a left main stem ______ that enter the lungs

A

bronchus

160
Q

the right _____ is shorter and wider; dividing into 3 2ndry _____ that enter the 3 lobes of the right ____

A

bronchus
bronchi
lung

161
Q

the left _____ divides into 2 ____ that supply the 2 ____ of the left _____

A

bronchus
branches
lobes
lung

162
Q

_____ carry air into ____, microscopic air sacs, through which ___ are exchanged between the __ and the ____

A

bronchioles
alveoli
gases
lungs (and the) blood

163
Q

when gases exchange in the alveoli, _____ diffuses into the blood and ____ ____ diffuses out of the blood for elimination

A

oxygen

carbon dioxide

164
Q

air is moved into and out of the lungs by the process of _____, technically called _____

A

breathing

ventilation

165
Q

the steady cycle of _____ and _____, separated by a period of rest begins when the ____ ____ stimulates the ____ to contract and flatten

A

inspiration
expiration
phrenic nerve
diaphragm

166
Q

intercostal muscles are located ____ the ____ and aid inspiration (pulling ___ up and out)

A

between (the) ribs

ribs

167
Q

the measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure is _____

A

compliance

168
Q

surfactant

A

fluid produced within the lung

169
Q

oxygen is carried in the blood bound to _____ in ____ ____ cells

A
hemoglobin
red blood (cells)
170
Q

carbon dioxide is mostly converted to an acid called ___ ___

A

carbonic acid

171
Q

to regulate the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, it is important to regulate the amount of ____ ____ exhaled

A

carbon dioxide

172
Q

hemoglobin

A

the iron containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

173
Q

lung

A

a cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax

174
Q

nose

A

the organ of the face used for breathing

175
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from the nose

rhin/o - nose
-rrhea - discharge, flow

176
Q

bronchogenic

A

originating in a bronchus

bronch/o - bronchus
-genic - origin

177
Q

phrenic nerve/cf

A

phrenic/o

178
Q

breathing/cf

A

spir/o

179
Q

aspiration

A

inhalation

180
Q

pulmonary function is affected by conditions that cause resistance to ___ ___ through the _____ tract

A

air flow

respiratory

181
Q

hyperventilation

blood becomes too ___

A

when too much CO2 is exhaled

alkalosis

182
Q

hypoventilation

blood becomes too __

A

when too little CO2 is exhaled

acidosis

183
Q

influenza

A

viral disease of the respiratory tract

184
Q

COPD

COLD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

chronic obstructive lung disease

185
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

chronic irritation and inflammation caused by inhalation of dust particles

186
Q

pleurisy or pleuritis

A

an inflammation of the pleura

187
Q

empyema

A

pus = accumulated in the pleural space

188
Q

thoracentesis

A

needle puncture of the chest to remove fluids

189
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

alters chloride transport across cell membranes affecting glandular secretions

190
Q

arterial blood gases ABGs

A

used to evaluate gas exchange in the lungs

191
Q

pulse oximetry

A

measures the O2 saturation of arterial blood

192
Q

______ ____ ____ are used to assess breathing by means of a ______

A

pulmonary function tests

spirometer

193
Q

hilum aka hilus

A

a depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter

194
Q

nares

A

external openings of the nose; the nostrils (singular, naris)

195
Q

nasal septum

A

partition that divides the nasal cavity into two parts

196
Q

nasal septum/cf

A

sept/o

197
Q

anoxia

A

lack or absence of O2 in tissues

198
Q

asphyxia

A

inadequate intake of O2; suffocation (literally “lack of pulse”

199
Q

deviated septum

A

a shifted nasal septum

200
Q

fremitus

A

a vibration, especially as felt through the chest wall on palpation

201
Q

rale

A

abnormal chest sounds heard when air enters small airways or alveoli containing fluid - noticeable during inspiration

202
Q

rhonchi

A

abnormal chest sounds produced in airways with accumulated fluids - noticeable during expiration

203
Q

stridor

A

harsh, high-pitched sound caused by obstruction of an upper air passageway

204
Q

tussis

A

a cough

antitussive drug relieves or prevents coughing

205
Q

wheeze

A

a whistling or sighing sound caused by narrowing of a respiratory passageway