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Medical Terminology I > Nervous System and Behavioral Disorders > Flashcards

Nervous System and Behavioral Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The ______ system and the _______ system coordinate and control the body.

A

nervous system (and the) endocrine system

together they regulate our responses to the environment and maintain homeostasis.

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2
Q

the _____ system functions by means of hormones, whereas the ______ system functions by means of electrical impulses

A

endocrine

nervous

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3
Q

The nervous system consists of _____ _____ system and the _____ ____ system

A

central nervous system (CNS)

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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4
Q

central nervous system (CNS) consists of the ____ , ___ ____, ____ nerves and ____ nerves

A

brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves (and) spinal nerves

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5
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all nervous tissue outside the ____ and _____

A

brain

spinal cord

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6
Q

Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into the ____ ____ system and the _____ ____ system

A

somatic nervous system

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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7
Q

somatic nervous system (voluntary) controls ____ _____

A

skeletal muscle

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8
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS) (involuntary) controls _____ muscles, ____ muscle, and ____

A

smooth
cardiac
glands

ANS regulates responses to stress and helps to maintain homeostasis
Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

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9
Q

two types of cells found in the nervous system

A

neurons and neurolgia

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10
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells that make up the conducting tissue of the nervous system

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11
Q

neuroglia

A

the connective tissue cells of the nervous system that support and protect nervous tissue

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12
Q

the _____ is the basic functional unit in the nervous system

A

neuron

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13
Q

each neuron has what two types of fibers extending from the cell body

A

dendrite and axon

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14
Q

dendrite

A

fiber that extends from the neuron which carries impulses toward the cell body

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15
Q

axon

A

fiber that extends from the neuron which carries impulses away from the cell body

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16
Q

some axons are covered with _____, a whitish, fatty material that insulates and protects the axon and speeds electric conduction

A

myelin

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17
Q

unmyelinated tissue makes up the ____ ____ of the nervous system

A

gray matter

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18
Q

sensory neuron

A

a neuron that transmits impulses toward the CNS

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19
Q

motor neuron

A

a neuron that transmits impulses away from the CNS

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20
Q

the point of contact between two nerve cells is the ____

A

synapse

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21
Q

at the synapse, energy is passed from one cell to another by means of a chemical _________

A

neurotransmitter

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22
Q

the ______ is the largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

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23
Q

the cerebrum is composed largely of white matter with a thin layer of gray matter called ____ ____

A

cerebral cortex

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24
Q

within the _____, the higher brain functions of memory, reasoning, and abstract thought occur

A

cortex

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25
Q

the cerebrum is divided into 2 hemispheres by a deep groove called the _____ _____

A

longitudinal fissure

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26
Q

each cerebrum hemisphere is divided into ____

A

lobes

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27
Q

what are the 3 lobes of the cerebrum

A

diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum

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28
Q

diencephalon contains

A

the thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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29
Q

thalamus

A

receives sensory information and directs it to the proper portion of the cortex

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30
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls the pituitary and forms a link between the endocrine and nervous system

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31
Q

brainstem contains

A

the midbrain, the pons and the medulla oblongata

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32
Q

the midbrain contains reflex centers for improved ____ and _____

A

vision (and) hearing

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33
Q

neurology

A

study of anatomy, physiology, and pathology of nervous system

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34
Q

neurosurgeon

A

physician trained to perform surgery on structures of nervous system

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35
Q

neuropathy

A

generalized disease condition of nerves

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36
Q

neuralgia

A

pain along course of nerve

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37
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of nerve

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38
Q

neuroma

A

nerve tumor

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39
Q

neuromyelitis

A

inflammation of nerves and spinal cord

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40
Q

spinal cord

A

part of the CNS lodged in the spinal column

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41
Q

meninges

A

3 membranes covering brain and spinal cord; dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

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42
Q

dura mater

A

outermost, toughest of the three meninges (membranes) of the brain and spinal cord

43
Q

arachnoid

A

delicate membrane interposed between dura mater and pia mater

44
Q

pia mater

A

innermost of the 3 meninges covering the brain and spinal cord

45
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

fluid within the ventricles of the brain, subarachnoid space, and central canal

46
Q

nerve/cf

A

neur/o

47
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell

48
Q

neuroblast

A

embryonic nerve cell

49
Q

motor neuron

A

nerves that control muscle movement

50
Q

neurologist

A

specialist who studies nervous system disorders

51
Q

afferent nerves

A

carry nerve impulses from receptors in body toward central nervous system

52
Q

efferent nerves

A

carry nerve impulses away from CNS to effectors in body (muscles, nerves)

53
Q

afferent

A

inflowing toward center

54
Q

efferent

A

outflowing away from center

55
Q

affect

A

to have influence upon

56
Q

effect

A

result of consequence of action

57
Q

accept

A

include or bring toward

58
Q

except

A

exclude and keep away or reject

59
Q

affusion

A

pouring upon

60
Q

effusion

A

escaping of fluid from its normal place

61
Q

brain/cf

A

encephal/o

62
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue

63
Q

brain

A

comprising the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

64
Q

cerebrum

A

main portion of the brain, occupying the upper part of the cranial cavity

65
Q

cerebellum

A

situated on the back of the brain stem; consisting of median lobe and two lateral lobes

66
Q

brain stem

A

stem-like portion of the brain connecting cerebral hemispheres and spinal cord

67
Q

encephalon

A

located between cerebrum and midbrain, contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal glands

68
Q

part of brain responsible for thinking, feeling, and moving

A

cerebrum

cerebral = adjectival form

69
Q

cerebritis

A

inflammation of cerebrum

70
Q

cerebroma

A

tumor in cerebrum

71
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

loss of brain function due to decreased blood flow

72
Q

cerebrotomy

A

incision into cerebrum

73
Q

brain covering/cf

A

mening/o

74
Q

nerves from brain are connected to the rest of body through ____ ____

A

spinal cord

75
Q

cerebrospinal

A

pertaining to brain and spinal cord

76
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

bathes cerebrum and spinal cord

77
Q

spinal cord and bone marrow/cf

A

myel/o

78
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow cell

79
Q

myelocyte

A

bone marrow germ cell

80
Q

myelocytic

A

pertaining to myelocytes

81
Q

myelocele

A

herniation of spinal cord

82
Q

meningocele

A

herniation of both dura and arachnoid through a vertebral defect

83
Q

meningomalacia

A

softening of meninges

84
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of meninges
cerebral meningitis
spinal meningitis

85
Q

Pathway for impulses traveling to and from brain

A

spinal cord

86
Q

nerves from brain are connected to rest of body through ____ ____

A

spinal cord

87
Q

name the four pairs of paranasal sinus cavities

A

frontal
ethmoid
maxillary
sphenoid

88
Q

name the 5 purposes for the sinuses

A 
lighten facial bones
voice resonation
buffer against blows to face
insulation of teeth roots and eyes from fluctuations in nasal temp
humidifying and heating air intake
89
Q

the first structures of the respiratory system are the mouth and nostrils, also called

A

nares

90
Q

covering the membranes inside the nose and nasal cavities are these, which filter out foreign bodies

A

cilia

91
Q

after passing through the nasal cavity (and/or sinuses) air reaches this structure, the first of 3 throat structures?

A

nasopharynx

92
Q

within the nasopharynx is this pair of lymphatic tissue

A

pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids

93
Q

the second throat structure after the nasopharynx

A

oropharynx

94
Q

the oropharynx contains this pair of lymphatic tissue?

A

palatine tonsils

95
Q

the laryngopharynx is the last common passageway for both food and air. at the terminal end it bifurcates into these 2 structures

A

larynx and esophagus

96
Q

this flap (valve) sits over the larynx and prevents food and liquid from entering the lower airways?

A

epiglottis

97
Q

within the larynx are these instruments of phonation, located just below the epiglottis

A

vocal cords

98
Q

at the top of the larynx is this, the only nonarticulated bone in the body? (often found broken in cases of strangulation.

A

hyoid bone

99
Q

attached to the bottom of the larynx is the beginning of this ribbed tubular structure?

A

trachea

100
Q

2 important features of the trachea is that it produces ____ which trap impurities foreign bodies which are wafted upwards by cilia; and is structurally supported by ribs of _____

A

mucous

cartilage

101
Q

at the inferior end of the trachea it bifurcates into two primary ____?
each side then splits into ___ secondary or lobular _____.

A

bronchi

10
bronchi

102
Q

on the right 3, 2 and 5 of the bronchi lead to these while on the left 5 and 5 lead to the same?

A

lobes

103
Q

branching off from the lobular bronchi are these structures, which carry air to and from the terminal point in the lungs

A

bronchioles

104
Q

at the end of each bronchiole are a cluster of ___ ducts; and at the end of those is an ____.

A

alveolar

alveolus

Medical Terminology I (3 decks)

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