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lect unit 5 exam > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system

A

1, Gas exhange

  1. gas conditioning
  2. sound production
  3. olfaction
  4. defense
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2
Q

what is gas exhange mean in reference to the respiratory system?

A

bringing O2 into the body and CO2 out

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3
Q

what does gas conditioning mean in reference to the respiratory system?

A

warming up the air , and make moist air for the lungs

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4
Q

what are the types of anatomical division of the respiratory system

A

Upper and Lower tracts

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5
Q

what are the type of the functional division of the respiratory system

A

conditioning and respiratory portions

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6
Q

what are the structures of the upper respiratory tract

A
  1. Nose
  2. Nasal Cavity: chamber inside the nose
  3. Pharynx: back of the throat
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7
Q

what is the function of the upper respiratory system ?

A

condtioning the air

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8
Q

What are the features of the nose?

A

Nasal bones: the bridge of the nose

Dorsum nasi: anterioinferior cartilage, ( the cartillage that holds up the tip of the nose)

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9
Q

what is the function of the nose?

A

main conducting airway.

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10
Q

What are the features of the nasal cavity

A
  1. nasal septum: medial wall
  2. Nasal Conchae: : plates within the nasal cavity, ridges on lateral walls
  3. Choanae: opening to the nasopharynx
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11
Q

What is the Function of the Nasal Cavity ?

A

to condition air

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12
Q

What are the regions of the Pharynx?

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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13
Q

what is the location of the nasopharynx?

A

Continuous with nasal cavity, superior to soft palate

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14
Q

what are the features of the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils and auditory tube

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15
Q

what type of tissue is located in the nasopharynx?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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16
Q

Location go the Oropharynx

A

Soft palate to hyoid bone

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17
Q

What are the features of the Oropharynx?

A

Palatine Tonsils: located on lateral walls
Lingual tonsils: are underneath the tongue
Fauces: openings to oral cavity

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18
Q

what type of tissue is located in the oropharynx?

A

Non Keratinized stratified squamous

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19
Q

What is the location of the laryngopharynx

A

From Hyoid bone to the Cricoid cartilage

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20
Q

What type of the tissue is located in the laryngopharynx?

A

Non Keratinized stratified squamous

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21
Q

What are the structures of the Lower Respiratory Tract

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
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22
Q

what is the function of the lower respiratory tract

A

Conducting: Want to try to take air from outside to the lungs

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23
Q

What is the location fof the larynx?

A

it connects the pharynx to the trachea

24
Q

What is the function of the Larynx?

A 
conducts air
Produces sound (voicebox)
25
Q

What type of tissue is located in the Larynx?

A

Non Keratiniezed stratified squamous

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

26
Q

what type of cartilage is located in the Larynx?

A
  1. Thyroid cartilage
  2. Cricoid cartilage
  3. Epiglottis
27
Q

what are the characteristics of the Thyroid Cartilage?

A

Largest
- Anterior and lateral walls
No posterior portion

28
Q

What are the features of the Thyroid Cartilage?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane: connection of thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone
Laryngeal prominence: pointy part of the anterior portion of the thyroid cartilage (adams apple)

29
Q

characteristics of cricoid cartilage?

A

complete c ring shaped

inferior to the thyroid cartilage

30
Q

what is the feature of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Cricothyroid ligament: connects the cricoid and thyroid cartilge

31
Q

Characteristics of the Epiglottis ?

A

Spoon shaped projection into pharynx

Elastic cartilage so it can bend and snap

32
Q

what is the fucntion of the epiglottis?

A
  • Function: choking prevention

Epiglottis bends and covers the trachea pushing the food down the esophagus

33
Q

What are the minor cartilage of the larynx?

A
  1. Arytenoid cartilage
    1. Corniculate cartilage
    2. Cuneiform cartilage
34
Q

Arytenoid Cartilage

A

Superioposterior cricoid
- Attaches to thyroid cartilage –> vocal ligament
–> vocal folds
Looks like a boot
Vocal ligament connects to the thyroid cartilage, membrane over it called the vocal fold

35
Q

Corniculate Cartilage

A

Attached to arytenoids

  • Attaches to thyroid cartilage–> vestibular ligament
  • vestibular folds :Vestibular folds: are false/fake vestibular ligaments
36
Q

Cuneiform Cartilage

A

Supports aryepiglottic fold

Supports fold from arterynoid cartilage

37
Q

Range of sound production?

A

Length and thickness of vocal cords
Long or thick = deep
Short or thin = high

38
Q

Pitch of sound production?

A
  • Tension
  • Increased tension = high pitch
  • Decreased tension = low pitch

Manipulate the pitch of voice with increase or decrease of tension

39
Q

Loudness of sound production?

A

depends on the amount of air

40
Q

location of the trachea

A
  • Inferior to larynx

- Anterior to esophagus

41
Q

Tracheal Cartialge?

A

c shaped , opening of the c is on posterior side, they are connected by anular ligament
C shape allows for different size of foods

42
Q

Anular Ligament?

A

Anular ligament connects tracheal cartilages all the way around

43
Q

Trachealis muscle

A

at the opening of the C , connects the ends of C

44
Q

What type of tissue is found in the Trachea ?

A

: pseudostratified ciliated columnar

45
Q

what are the bronchi?

A

Highly branched conducting system within lungs

46
Q

Right Primary Bronchi?

A

Wider, Divides to 3 secondary bronchi

47
Q

Left Primary Bronchi?

A

Divides to 2 secondary bronchi

48
Q

Branching progression

A
  • Smaller
  • Decreased cartilage
  • Increased smooth muscle
49
Q

types of tissues in bronchi branches

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar –>simple columnar –> simple squamous

50
Q

Structure of Bronchioles

A
  • 1mm diameter (small)
  • Thick layer of smooth muscle
    • Bronchoconstriction
    • Bronchodilation
      > forms terminal bronchioles: last portion of conduction
51
Q

Respiratory portion of bronchioles

A
  • Respiratory bronchioles
    > Alveolar duct
    > Pulmonary alveoli
    Some exchange occurs in the respiratory bronchioles
    Alveolar ducts : turn into pulmonary alveoli
52
Q

What are the Alveolus

A

thin walled sacs

53
Q

alveolus cells

A

Alveolar type 1 and Alveolar type 2

54
Q

ALveolar type I

A

Make up the sac
Simple squamous
Thin for rapid diffusion

55
Q

Alveolar type II

A

Simple cuboidal with extensions
Not as many as type 1
Pulmonary surfactant: substances that decrease surface tension. Prevent the lungs from collapsing

56
Q

gas exchange

A

Pulmonary: movement of air in/out of the lung
- External: alveoli to capillaries:air into the lungs to the alveoli capillaries out

  • Internal: capillaries to cells

lect unit 5 exam (2 decks)

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