Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

lect unit 5 exam > digestive part 1 > Flashcards

digestive part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A
  1. Ingestion: taking in food
  2. Digestion: breakdown of food ( two categories )
    • Mechanical: Chewing and churing tearin, physical
      breakdown of food
    • Chemical: enzymes that breakdown food
  3. Propulsion: movement
    • Peristalsis: muscular contractions that coordinate
      movement of food
    • Segmentation: muscular contraction that
      coordinate the mixing of food
  4. Secretion: releasing fluids
    -Mucin is needed because it provided lubrication
    in movingof the food
    - Acid: is going to break bonds in order to break
    food up
    -Bile: very useful for breakdown, its lipid emulsifier
    -Enzymes break down food
  5. Absorption: nutrients into blood and lymph
  6. Elimination of wastes: indigestible becomes feces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peristalsis V Segmentation

A

Peristalsis think swallowing food down the esophagus

Segmentation occurs in both intestines but a lot of times in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oral cavity

A

considered the entrance of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the borders of the oral cavity

A 
Anterior: lips and teeth
     - Posterior: oropharynx 
      - Superior: hard palate ant. 2/3 and post 1/3 soft 			 
           palate
        - Floor: mylohyoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cavities within the oral cavity

A

Sub dividied into 2 diff chambers
Vestibule : waiting area, between lips and teeth
Oral cavity proper: central portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of the oral cavity

A

mechanical and chemical digestion

Chemical portion: release of amaylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of tissue is found in the oral cavity

A

non keratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of the Tongue

A

manipulate, and mix food to create a bolus which what is swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an bolus

A

Bolus: globular mass of ingested materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure of the tongue

A

Tongue: is skeletal muscle we have control over it

attaches to the floor via Lingual frenulum the web that connects the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of salivary glands

A

produce and secrete saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Saliva functions

A 
Moistens
 Cleanses
Chemical digestion (enzymes)
Antibacterial
 Dissolves materials for taste receptors

**Lysozyme: enzyme that kills bacteria cell walls. The saliva covers teeth when we eat , how it cleanses and kills bacteria
makes it antibacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the structure of salivary glands

A

Secretory cells

  1. Mucous cells: secrete mucin that turns into mucous (when hydrated)
  2. Serous cells: watery fluid with ions, lysozyme, amylase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the types of salivary glands

A
  1. Parotid gland: is the biggest think when sourfoods
    make your mouth salivate
  2. Submadibular: gland under the body of mandible
  3. Sublingual :under the tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Structure of the parotid glands

A

Largest

  • Anterior to ear
    • Parotid duct > 2nd upper molar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the parotid gland secrete

A

Serous secretions only, amylase

makes up to - 25-30% of saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Submandibular gland structure

A

Inferior to body of the mandible (deep to the mandible)

- Submandibular duct :: comes from floor, papilla on floor and later to lingual frenulum is wwhere the duct is located

18
Q

what do the Submandibular glands secretes

A

Secretes serous and mucous, have more viscosity (make it thick)
Makes the majority of saliva (60-70%)

19
Q

What is the innervation of the submandibular glands

A

parasympathetic because rest and digest

And Facial nerve CN VII

20
Q

Structure of the Sublingual gland

A

Inferior to tongue
- Several sublingual ducts in inferior oral cavity
(Duct: several sublingual ducts found under the tongue)

21
Q

What do the sublingual glands secrete

A
  • Both Serous and mucous secretions

produce about 3-5% of saliva

22
Q

What is the innervation of the sublngual gland

A

Parasympathetic, Facial nerve (CN VII)

23
Q

how the pharynx is involved in the digestive system

A

Shared by respiratory and digestive systems
- Functions: participates in swallowing / swallowing
reflex
- Innervation: Vagus (CN X)

24
Q

What is Peritoneum

A

Abdominopelvic serous membranes
there are 2 types
1. Parietal peritoneum : covers the wallks
2. Visceral Peritoneum: on organs

25
Q

What does the Parietal and Visceral peritoneum create

A

forms the Peritoneal cavity

In between filled with serous fluid

26
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

Completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum

  • Ex. stomach, most of small intestines
  • *Intra= inside peritoneal, organ is completely covered in serous membrane
27
Q

Retroperitoneal Organs

A
  • Only anteriolateral covered by visceral peritoneum
  • Ex. pancreas, ascending and descending colon, rectum

**Retro: organs found against the back wall, only part of the organ is covered in serous membrane

28
Q

What are messentaries ?

A
  • Folds that support and stabilize intraperitoneal organs
  • Contain: blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves
    **Membranes on membranes (serous on serous)
    Intra organ will have a mesentery associated with it
29
Q

Types of Messentaries

A
  1. Greater omentum: apron sheet covering that covers the instestines, connects to the greater curvarure
  2. Lesser omentum: stomach is suspended from lesser curvature
  3. Mesentery proper : connective membrane that binds the small intestine together
  4. Mesocolon
30
Q

Greater omentum

A

Apron covers most abdominal organs

- Connects: greater curvature of stomach

31
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Connects: lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver

(Proximal duodenum is the 1st part that comes off the stomach )

32
Q

Messentary Proper

A
  • Connects: small intestines to abdominal wall

Membrane that holds the small intestines together

33
Q

Mesocolon

A

Connects: large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

34
Q

Histology of GI tract

A 
4 tunics (deep to superficial)
		1. Mucosa
		2. Submucosa
		3. Muscularis
		4. Adventitia or Serosa: depnds on if organ is 
                    intra or retro
35
Q

Mucosa

A 
Components: 
	1. Superficial epithelium
		- Non-ciliated simple columnar (for small 	 
                     intestines)
                -Microvilli: absorb , why in small intestine 
                    because it absorbs 
         2. Lamina propria: areolar CT 
		- Capillaries
		- Lacteals (for small intestines)
		- Peyer patches
	3. Muscularis mucosae: smooth muscle
36
Q

Submucosa

A
  • Tissue: areolar and dense irregular CT
    • Contains:
      • Lymphatic ducts
      • Nerves
      • Blood vessels
      • Mucin secreting glands
37
Q

Muscularis

A
  • 2 layers of smooth muscles
    1. Inner circular layer
    - Constricts lumen (sphincter)
    2. Outer longitudinal layer
    - Shortens tube
38
Q

What are the exceptions when it comes to muscularis

A
  • Exceptions:
    • Esophagus: has both smooth and skeletal
      muscle
    • Stomach: 3 layers of smooth
39
Q

Adventitia or Serosa

A
  • Outer most layer
    • Tissue: areolar CT
    • Adventitia: retroperitoneal organs
    • Serosa: intraperitoneal organs
      • contains visceral peritoneum
40
Q

Blood supply

A

Celiac trunk: under disphragm: supply blood for variety organs
Superior mesenteric artery: provide blood supply for most small some large
Inferior mesenteric artery: some of the large intestines

41
Q

Nerves

A
  • Both autonomic and sensory
  • Plexus
    • Celiac plexus
      • Liver, spleen, and stomach
    • Superior mesenteric plexus
      • Small intestines, part of large
    • Inferior mesenteric plexus
      • Large intestines, rectum, anal canal

lect unit 5 exam (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions