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PE -- turner > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main processes of the respiratory system?

A

pulmonary ventilation, internal respiration, external respiration

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2
Q

what is pulmonary ventilation?

A

breathing air in and out the lungs

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3
Q

what is internal respiration?

A

exchange of oxygen and CO2 between blood + muscle tissue.

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4
Q

what is external respiration?

A

exchange of oxygen and CO2 between lungs + blood.

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5
Q

what is the structure of alveoli?

A

it increase gaseous exchange by; having a large surface area, single cell layer of epithelial cells which decreases the distance fro gaseous exchange; moist lining of the H2O which helps dissolve and exchange CO2.

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6
Q

what is the pulmonary pleura?

A

double walled sacs with pleura fluid that helps reduce the friction between ribs + lungs.

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7
Q

what happens to inspiration at rest?

A

diaphragm contracts, external intercostal contract, diaphragm flattens, ribs + sternum move up + out, thoracic cavity volume increases, lung air pressure drops.

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8
Q

what happens to expiration at rest?

A

diaphragm relaxes, external intercostals relax, diaphragm pushed up, ribs + sternum move up + in, thoracic lung volume decreases, lung air pressure increase.

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9
Q

what are the inspiration muscles?

A

sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis major.

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10
Q

what are the expiration muscles?

A

internal intercostals, rectus abdominus, obliques

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11
Q

what is gaseous exchange?

A

exchange of gases via process of diffusion.

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12
Q

what is diffusion?

A

movement of gases from high to low pressure.

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13
Q

what is partial pressure?

A

pressure gas exerts within a mixture of gases - gases always move from high to low concentration.

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14
Q

what happens during external respiration during exercise?

A

deoxygenated blood returning to heart has higher partial pressure of CO2 + lower partial pressure of O2 - air in alveoli has high partial pressure of O2 and low partial pressure of CO2.

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15
Q

what happens to internal respiration during exercise?

A

increased dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin to tissue because muscles demand more oxygen.

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16
Q

what are the 4 things that influence increased dissociation of O2?

A

increase in blood + muscle temperature, decrease partial pressure of O2 in muscle, increase partial pressure of CO2, bohr effect.

17
Q

what is minute ventilation?

A

the volume of air inspired or expired per minute – TV x f =VE

18
Q

what is the respiratory control centre?

A

a control centre in the medulla oblongata responsible for respiratory regulation.

19
Q

what is the inspiratory centre

A

a control centre in the RCC responsible for inspiration.

20
Q

what is the expiratory centre?

A

a control centre within the RCC responisble for expiration

21
Q

what is the bohr shift?

A

a move in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right caused by increase acidity in the blood stream.

22
Q

what does association mean?

A

the combing of oxygen with haemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.

23
Q

what does dissociation mean?

A

the release of oxygen from haemoglobin for gaseous exchange.

24
Q

what nerves are involved in the inspiratory control centre?

A

intercostal nerves + phrenic nerves.

25
Q

what does the expiratory centre do at rest?

A

it is inactive because expiration is passive.

26
Q

what happens to neural control during exercise?

A

inspiratory – increased stimulation of diaphragm + external intercostals -stimulates inspiratory muscles which increase the force of contraction.

expiratory – stimulates expiratory muscles causing forced expiration - this drops the duration of inspiration.

27
Q

What 4 things influence neural control?

A

chemoreceptors, proprioreceptors, thermoreceptors, baroreceptors.

PE -- turner (5 decks)

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