Respiratory System Flashcards
Function of Respiratory System
- Regulation of blood pH
- Voice production
- Olfaction
- Innate immunity
divided into upper and lower respiratory tract
Respiratory System
it includes the external nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and associated structure
Upper Respiratory tract
includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Lower respiratory tract
consists of the external nose and the nasal cavity
nose
visible structure that forms a prominent structure of the face.
external nose
external openings of the nose
nares or nostrils
openings into the pharynx
choanae
extends from the nares to the choanae
nasal cavity
partition dividing the nasal cavity into right & left parts
nasal septum
occurs when the septum bulges to one side
deviated nasal septum
forms the floor of the nasal cavity, separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
hard palate
3 prominent bony ridges, are present on the lateral walls on each side of the nasal cavity
conchae
air-filled spaces within bone, open into the nasal cavity and are lined with a mucous membrane
paranasal sinuses
carry tears from the eyes, also open into the nasal cavity
nasolacrimal ducts
dislodges foreign substances from the nasal cavity
sneeze reflex
stimulated by exposure to bright light
photic sneeze reflex
common passageway for both the respiratory and the digestive systems
pharynx
superior part of the pharynx
nasopharynx
which is an incomplete muscle and connective tissue partition separating the nasopharynx from the oropharynx, forms the floor of the nasopharynx
soft palate
posterior extension of the soft palate
uvula
posterior part of the nasopharynx, helps defend the body against infection
pharyngeal tonsil
extends from the uvula to the epiglottis, and the oral cavity opens into the oropharynx, lined with stratified squamous epithelium
oropharynx
located in the lateral walls near the border of the oral cavity and the oropharynx
palatine tonsils
located on the surface of the posterior part of the tongue
lingual tonsil
passes posterior to the larynx and extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the esophagus
laryngopharynx
located in the anterior throat and extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea, passageway for air between the pharynx and the trachea
larynx
largest cartilage, attached superiorly to the hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
most inferior cartilage of the larynx, forms the base of the larynx on which the other cartilages rest
cricoid cartilage
third unpaired cartilage, it consists of elastic cartilage rather than hyaline cartilage
epiglottis
top cartilage on each side
cuneiform cartilage
middle cartilage
corniculate
bottom cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
false vocal chords, superior forms the
vestibular folds
inferior pair composes the
vocal folds, true vocal cords
inflammation of the mucous epithelium of the vocal fokds
laryngitis
membranous tube attached to the larynx, consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle
trachea or windpipe
1.4-1.6 cm in diameter and about 10-11 cm long
adult trachea
dislodges foreign substances from the trachea
cough reflex
trachea is lined with what
pseudostratified columnar epithelium which contains numerous cilia and goblet cells
connects to a lung
main or primary bronchi
principal organs of respiration
lungs
superior, middle and inferior lobes
lobes
each lobes is divided into
bronchopulmonary segments
main bronchi branch many times forms the
tracheobronchial trees
conduct air to each obe
lobar bronchi
extend to the bronchopulmonary segments of the lungs
segmental bronchi
long,branching hallways with many open doorways
alveolar ducts
small air sacs
alveoli
chambers connected to two or more alveoli
alveolar sacs
where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place, very thin to facilitate the diffusion of gases
respiratory membrane
