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Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Normal human blood PH

A

7.4- slightly basic

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2
Q

What makes our PH decrease?

A

Carbonic acid

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3
Q

TV/normal TV

A

tidal volume
Difference between volumes after a normal inhalation and a normal exhalation
500-600 ml
17-20 oz of air

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4
Q

IRV/normal IRV

A

Inspiratory reserve volume
The additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume
3100 mL

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5
Q

ERV/normal ERV

A

Expiratory reserve volume

The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume

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6
Q

VC

A

Vital capacity

The sum of the ERV, IRV, and TV

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7
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency in the amount of O2 reaching hemoglobin

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8
Q

Cyanotic

A

Blue or purple coloration of the tissue skin or mucous membrane due to tissues near the skin surface having a low O2 saturation

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9
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Originates in neck and passes down between neck and in between lung and heart to reach diaphragm
Send signals to the diaphragm and automatically helps you breathe

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10
Q

Volition

A

Conscious control
Forces you to breath even if you try and hold your breath
Respiratory canter ignores messages from cortex

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11
Q

What other factors change breathing rate

A

Emotional factors: stimuli acting through centers in the hypothalamus
Chemical factors: levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood

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12
Q

Why don’t emphysema patients receive low levels of O2

A

Their brains don’t recognize increased levels of CO2 as important
If they were given high levels of O2 they would stop breathing because respiratory stimulus is gone

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13
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing until CO2 builds up again

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14
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Air hunger
Comes from smoking

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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16
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Mucosa of lower respiratory passages becomes severely inflamed and produces excessive amounts of mucus

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17
Q

Emphysema

A

Alveoli enlarge

Chronic inflammation promotes fibrosis of lungs

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18
Q

CF

A

Cystic fibrosis

Over secretion of mucous that clogs the respiratory passages

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19
Q

Surfactant

A

Fatty molecule made by cuboidal alveolar cells
Controls respiration
Lowers surface tension so alveoli don’t collapse between each breath

20
Q

IRDS

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome
Distress syndrome
Alveoli collapse after each breath

21
Q

Residual volume

A

About 1200 ml of air that still remains in the lungs
Cannot be voluntarily expelled
Helps with continuous gas exchange

22
Q

Inspiration

A

Air flowing into the lungs

23
Q

Expiration

A

Air leaving the lungs

24
Q

Pleural fluid

A

Serous secretion allowing lungs to glide easily over thorax wall during breathing movements

25
Q

What does smoking do

A

Brings CO2 to alveoli

26
Q

What does hyperventilation do

A

Gets rid of too much CO2 and makes your PH rise

27
Q

What are non respiratory air movements?

A

Coughing, sneezing, crying, laughing, hiccups, yawning

28
Q

Hypercapnia/cause

A

Extra CO2 in the bloodstream

Caused by hyperventilation or lung disease

29
Q

Primary stimulant for ventilation in a healthy person

A

Medula

30
Q

What is a problem a person would have if they had brain damage to the medulla oblongata

A

Paralysis of the throat palate
Causing difficulty swallowing
Drooling and disturbances of taste

31
Q

Where is homeostasis of ventilation regulated in the brain

A

Brain stem

32
Q

What are the central chemoreceptors sensitive to?

A

Changes in CO2 levels

33
Q

Severe emphysema

What would happen to TLC and VC

A

They would be higher in the lungs bc your body wouldn’t be able to push it out

34
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning

A

When hemoglobin is more attracted to carbon monoxide than oxygen

35
Q

Location of chemoreceptors

A

Aorta, carotid arteries, and medulla of brain

36
Q

What do chemoreceptors do

A

Measures CO2, signals, and to brain when your body needs breath

37
Q

How do we breathe

A

Intercostal muscles contract, forcing ribs up and out

Diaphragm contracts and flattens

38
Q

How do we breathe out

A

Intercostal muscles relax

Diaphragm relaxes, volume of torso decreases

39
Q

After hyperventilation what happens

A

O2 levels decrease

40
Q

As you hold your breath, what rises?

A

CO2

41
Q

What has an j fluency in how long you can hold your breath?

A

Concentration of CO2

42
Q

Medulla

A

Primary stimulant for ventilation in brain

43
Q

Problems with medulla

A

Difficulty swallowing, drooling, disturbance of taste

44
Q

VO2 Max

A

Aerobic capacity
Point where you can’t physically work harder
Deteriorates over time

45
Q

What happens during hyperventilation

A

Get rid of too much CO2

Which is why you need to breathe in a bag

Anatomy (3 decks)

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