Respiratory system Flashcards
what is the major function of the respiratory system
oxygenation of the blood
removal of the body’s waste products
upper respiratory system consists of
nasopharynx
oropharynx
larynx
lower respiratory system consist of
trachea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchiole alveolar ducts/sacs
pleura
double walled membrane that encases the lung
the pleura consists of 2 layers
visceral pleura
parietal pleura
visceral pleura
inner layer adheres lung
parietal pleura
lines inner chest wall
pleural space
space between visceral and parietal pleura
lubricated with fluid to prevent friction while lungs expand and contract
epiglottitis
acute infection of the epiglottis
epiglottitis is caused by
thickening tissue and influenza in children
radiographic appearance of epiglottitis
lateral soft tissue neck creates a rounding thickening of the epiglotic shadow
treatment of epiglottitis
hospitilization
intubation
antibiotics
corticosteriods to reduce swelling
aspiration pneumonia
aspiration of esophageal or gastric contents into the lung
aspiration pneumonia is common in patients with
esophagel obstruction
diverticula
neuromuscular swallowing disorder
aspiration pneumonia radiographic appearance
mottled alveolar densities
treatment of aspiration pneumonia
early diagnosis
corticosteroids
antibiotics
lung abscess
necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent material
complications of a lung abscess
bacterial pneumonia bronchial obstruction aspiration foreign body spread of bacteria to lung septic emboli
radiographic appearance of a lung abscess
sphere like densities with a dense center
poorly defined margins
air fluid level with abscess
treatment of a lung abscess
antibiotics
tuberculoma
sharply circumscribed prenchymal nodule
can develop as either primary or secondary disease
can break down any time and lead to the spread of disease throughout the body
tuberculoma radiographic appearance
large soft tissue mass sometimes containing calcifications
tuberculoma treatment
2 drug regiment
sometimes takes 6 to 12 months for treatment
respiratory syncytial virus
attacks lower respiratory tract
causes necrosis of epithelium
respiratory syncytial virus can lead to
bronchiolitis
nosocomial infection
radiographic appearance of respiratory syncytial virus
hyperinflation of the lungs
increased markings
treatment of respiratory syncytial virus
can recover from your own immune system
antibiotics
oxygen therapy
bronchiectasis
permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi
bronchiectasis is almost always a result of
bacterial infection
radiographic appearance of bronchiectasis
coarseness/ loss of interstitial air space
not nice clear lungs
loss of definition between alveoli and lungs
severe cases give honeycomb pattern
treatment of bronchiectasis
antibiotics
asbestosis
workers engaged in manufacturing asbestos products, handling building materials or insulation composed of asbestos
a major complication of asbestosis
mesothelioma - highly malignant pleural tumor
asbestosis radiographic appearance
calcified plerual plaques
treatment of asbestosis
clean air
prevent exposure to asbestos
oxygen therapy
steroids
atelectasis
collapsed lung
diminished air within the lung
radiographic appearance of a foreign body
shift of the heart toward the affected side
elevation of the hemidiaphragm
treatment of a foreign body
hard cough trying to expel it
bronchoscope
surgery
platelike atelectasis
platelike markings in lower lungs
what is the most common radiographic appearance of platelike atelectasis
increased density due to the lack of air in the lung
treatment of atelectasis
spirometry
diaphragmatic paralysis
parallysis of hemidiaphragm caused by any damage to the phrenic nerve
eventration of diaphragm
rare congenital abnormality
one hemidiaphragm is too weak to permit upward movement
treatment of eventration of diaphragm
gravity usually helps treat it
diaphragmatic pacer can be used to stimulate the movement of the diaphragm up and down
