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Pathology Spring 2016 > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the major function of the respiratory system

A

oxygenation of the blood

removal of the body’s waste products

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2
Q

upper respiratory system consists of

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
larynx

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3
Q

lower respiratory system consist of

A 
trachea 
bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchiole
alveolar ducts/sacs
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4
Q

pleura

A

double walled membrane that encases the lung

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5
Q

the pleura consists of 2 layers

A

visceral pleura

parietal pleura

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6
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer adheres lung

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7
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines inner chest wall

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8
Q

pleural space

A

space between visceral and parietal pleura

lubricated with fluid to prevent friction while lungs expand and contract

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9
Q

epiglottitis

A

acute infection of the epiglottis

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10
Q

epiglottitis is caused by

A

thickening tissue and influenza in children

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11
Q

radiographic appearance of epiglottitis

A

lateral soft tissue neck creates a rounding thickening of the epiglotic shadow

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12
Q

treatment of epiglottitis

A

hospitilization
intubation
antibiotics
corticosteriods to reduce swelling

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13
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

aspiration of esophageal or gastric contents into the lung

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14
Q

aspiration pneumonia is common in patients with

A

esophagel obstruction
diverticula
neuromuscular swallowing disorder

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15
Q

aspiration pneumonia radiographic appearance

A

mottled alveolar densities

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16
Q

treatment of aspiration pneumonia

A

early diagnosis
corticosteroids
antibiotics

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17
Q

lung abscess

A

necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent material

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18
Q

complications of a lung abscess

A 
bacterial pneumonia 
bronchial obstruction 
aspiration 
foreign body 
spread of bacteria to lung 
septic emboli
19
Q

radiographic appearance of a lung abscess

A

sphere like densities with a dense center
poorly defined margins
air fluid level with abscess

20
Q

treatment of a lung abscess

A

antibiotics

21
Q

tuberculoma

A

sharply circumscribed prenchymal nodule
can develop as either primary or secondary disease
can break down any time and lead to the spread of disease throughout the body

22
Q

tuberculoma radiographic appearance

A

large soft tissue mass sometimes containing calcifications

23
Q

tuberculoma treatment

A

2 drug regiment

sometimes takes 6 to 12 months for treatment

24
Q

respiratory syncytial virus

A

attacks lower respiratory tract

causes necrosis of epithelium

25
Q

respiratory syncytial virus can lead to

A

bronchiolitis

nosocomial infection

26
Q

radiographic appearance of respiratory syncytial virus

A

hyperinflation of the lungs

increased markings

27
Q

treatment of respiratory syncytial virus

A

can recover from your own immune system
antibiotics
oxygen therapy

28
Q

bronchiectasis

A

permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi

29
Q

bronchiectasis is almost always a result of

A

bacterial infection

30
Q

radiographic appearance of bronchiectasis

A

coarseness/ loss of interstitial air space
not nice clear lungs
loss of definition between alveoli and lungs
severe cases give honeycomb pattern

31
Q

treatment of bronchiectasis

A

antibiotics

32
Q

asbestosis

A

workers engaged in manufacturing asbestos products, handling building materials or insulation composed of asbestos

33
Q

a major complication of asbestosis

A

mesothelioma - highly malignant pleural tumor

34
Q

asbestosis radiographic appearance

A

calcified plerual plaques

35
Q

treatment of asbestosis

A

clean air
prevent exposure to asbestos
oxygen therapy
steroids

36
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

diminished air within the lung

37
Q

radiographic appearance of a foreign body

A

shift of the heart toward the affected side

elevation of the hemidiaphragm

38
Q

treatment of a foreign body

A

hard cough trying to expel it
bronchoscope
surgery

39
Q

platelike atelectasis

A

platelike markings in lower lungs

40
Q

what is the most common radiographic appearance of platelike atelectasis

A

increased density due to the lack of air in the lung

41
Q

treatment of atelectasis

A

spirometry

42
Q

diaphragmatic paralysis

A

parallysis of hemidiaphragm caused by any damage to the phrenic nerve

43
Q

eventration of diaphragm

A

rare congenital abnormality

one hemidiaphragm is too weak to permit upward movement

44
Q

treatment of eventration of diaphragm

A

gravity usually helps treat it

diaphragmatic pacer can be used to stimulate the movement of the diaphragm up and down

Pathology Spring 2016 (6 decks)

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