Respiratory System

Question 1

Strepptooccal pharyngitis (Strep)

Answer 1

Transmission: inhaling drop of nuclei
Causative agent: streptococus pyrogenes
Symptoms: Ickyness, white residue on tonsils
Diagnosis: Positive throat culture, or swab test
Vaccinations: none
Treatment: Penicillin
*Strains of S. Pyrogenes infected with a specific toxin-producing temperature phage cause scarlet fever along with pharyngitis- untreated leads to kidney damage

Question 2

Laryngitis, Sinusitis

Answer 2

H. influenzae & Strep pneumoniae

Question 3

Epiglottitis

Answer 3

H. influenzae

Question 4

Bronchitis

Answer 4

H. influenzae & Strep pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Strep or Staph

Question 5

Diptheria

Answer 5

Transmission: droplets of respiratory secretions
Causative:Cornebacterium diphtheriae
Symptoms: formation of pseudomembrane (can block air way)
Treatment: antitoxin and antibiotics (erytromycin or clindamycin)
Vaccination:DTP
*problem in Soviet union

Question 6

Ear Infections

Answer 6

Transmission:
Causative:Strep pneumo, Strep pyogenes, H. flu
in the Otis media and otis externa 
Symptoms: fever and earache pus 
Diagnosis:
Treatment: antibiotics- penicillin 
Vaccination:

Question 7

Common Cold

Answer 7

Transmission:fomites and close contact with infected persn
Causative:Rhinovirus, paramyxovirus, adenovirus
Symptoms:sneezing, sore throat, malaise, headache, cough
Diagnosis:self diagnosed common
Treatment:self treatment common

Question 8

Parainfluenza

Answer 8

Causative:rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia
Symptoms:Harsh breathing sounds, barking cough–>Croup
*many low key infections, by age 10 almost everyone has the antibodies. Rarely calls for a dr. visit

Question 9

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Answer 9

Transmission: inhaling respiratory drops
Causative: Bordetella pertussis
Symptoms: 1.Catarrhal stage:fever, sneezing, coughing, vomiting 2.Paroxysmal stage: intensifying stage
cyanosis loud cough,rib fractures, 1-6 weeks 3.Convalescent stage
Diagnosis: culture sample from posterior nasal passage made on charcoal blood agar
Treatment: antitoxin and erythromycin
Vaccination:whole cell vaccination

Question 10

Pneumonia

Answer 10

Transmission:Inhaling respiratory drops
Causative:bacteria, viruses, fungi, helminths, chemicals, radiation, allergy, Staph aureus, Strep pneumo (95%), Kleb pneumo, Mycoplasma pneumo (walking)
Symptoms: after a few days of mild upper resp. sympt. the onsent of pneumoccall pneumona is sudden.
Diagnosis: X-Ray or sputum culture
Treatment: penicillin
Vaccination: recommended for elderly

Question 11

Legionnaires Disease

Answer 11

Transmission:
Causative: Legionella pneumophila 
Symptoms:headache, fever, chills, diarrhea, vomiting, fluid in lungs, etc.
Treatment: Azithromycin or erythromycin 
*Pontiac Fever

Question 12

Tuberculosis

Answer 12

Transmission:inhaling respiratory drops
Causative:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Symptoms: Tubercles 
Diagnosis:sputum
culture- 8 weeks
Treatment:isoniazid and rifampin - 1 year

Question 13

Psittacosis and Ornithosis (Parrot Fever)

Answer 13

Transmission:Poultry workers
direct contact - nasal droplets and feces inhaled and spread thru RES
Causative: Chlamydia psittaci
Symptoms:Cough, sore throat, headache, fever, chills, difficulty breathing
Diagnosis: inoculation into tissue culture
Treatment:tetracycline
Vaccination:

Question 14

Q Fever

Answer 14

Transmission:Aerially or ticks
Causative:Coxiella burnetii
Symptoms:chills, fever, headache, malaise, sweats
Diagnosis:
Treatment:tetracycline or fluoroquinolone

Question 15

Nocardiosis 
 Transmission:
Causative:
Symptoms:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Vaccination:

Answer 15

Transmission: soil and water
Causative:Nocardia asteroides
Symptoms:Tissue lesions and abscesses
Diagnosis: sputum 
Treatment:sulfonamides combined with trimethoprim

Question 16

Influenza

Answer 16

Transmission: Inhaled
Causative: orthomyxoviruses
Symptoms:fever, cough, sore throat, GI symptoms, nasal discharge
Diagnosis: throat swabs
Treatment:amantadine (receptor blocking) Rimantadine also
Vaccination:best of luck

Question 17

SARS

Answer 17

Transmission:Direct contact - aerosol droplets (cats and Dogs)
Causative: coronavirus
Symptoms:High fever, dry cough, short of breath, pneumonia

Question 18

RSV

Answer 18

Transmission:
Causative:
Symptoms: hyperventilation, fever, hyperinflation and lung infiltration with fluid 
Diagnosis:
Treatment: Ribavirin
Vaccination:

Question 19

Coccidioidomycosis

Answer 19

Transmission:inhalation of dust (spores)
Causative:Coccidiodes immitis
Symptoms:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Vaccination:

Question 20

Histoplasmosis

Answer 20

Transmission:
Causative:
Symptoms:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Vaccination: