Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the primary functions of respiration?

Answer 1

Obtain O2

Eliminate the CO2

Question 2

What are the parts of the Stage 1?

Answer 2

Ventilation: exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli and bulk flow
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in lungs capillaries by diffusion
Transport of O2 and CO2 through pulmonary and systemic circulation by bulk flow
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by diffusion

Question 3

What is stage 2?

Answer 3

Cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2

Question 4

What are the two subdivisions of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

Conducting zone

Respiratory zone

Question 5

Which zone brings air into and out of the lungs?

Answer 5

Conducting Zone

Question 6

Which zone is lined with alveoli where gas exchange occurs?

Answer 6

Respiratory Zone

Question 7

T:F The trachea and larger bronchioles are rigid muscular tubes enriched by a series of cartilaginous rings that prevent compression of the tubes.

Answer 7

False
The trachea and larger bronchioles are rigid NON-muscular tubes enriched by a series of cartilaginous rings that prevent compression of the tubes.

Question 8

What is unique about the smaller bronchioles in comparison to larger bronchioles?

Answer 8

They have no cartilage to hold them open. Their walls contain smooth muscle.

Question 9

In the conducting zone the sympathetic adrenergic neurons activate?

Answer 9

Beta 2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle -> relaxation and dilation of the airways, increasing airflow

Question 10

In the conducting zone the parasympathetic cholinergic neurons activate?

Answer 10

Muscarinic receptors-> contraction and constriction of the airways, decreasing airflow

Question 11

In the respiratory zone the respiratory bronchioles consist of?

Answer 11

Alveoli occasionally bud off their walls
Smooth muscle
Have limited ability for gas exchange

Question 12

In the respiratory zone the alveolar ducts consist of?

Answer 12

Contain little smooth muscle

From the arise alveolar sacs and alveoli

Question 13

In the respiratory zone the alveolar sacs consist of?

Answer 13

Alveolar ducts terminate in alveolar sacs

Two or more alveoli that share a common opening

Question 14

In the respiratory zone the alveoli consist of?

Answer 14

Pouch-like evaginations of the wall of the respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts and the alveolar sacs

Question 15

How can exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar gas and pulmonary capillary blood happen rapidly and efficiently?

Answer 15

Because the walls of the alveolar are thin and have large surface area for diffusion.

Question 16

What do type II alveolar cells do?

Answer 16

Synthesize pulmonary surfactant necessary for reduction of surface tension of alveoli

Question 17

What separates the thoracic cavity form the abdomen?

Answer 17

Diaphragm

Question 18

What is the thoracic cavity comprised of?

Answer 18

Several pairs of ribs
The sternum
Intercostal muscles between the ribs
Thoracic vertebrae

Question 19

What separates each lung form the thoracic wall and other surrounding structures is?

Answer 19

A double-walled closed sac called the Pleural Sac

Question 20

The pressure exerted by a particular gas is directly

Answer 20

Proportional to the percentage of that gas in the total air mixture

Question 21

Pulmonary Ventilation is?

Answer 21

Inhale and exhale air

Question 22

Inspiration

Answer 22

Increase the volume of the thoracic cavity and expand the lungs

Question 23

What are the muscle involved in quiet inspiration?

Answer 23

Diaphragm and the external intercoastals

Question 24

Control of respiration is?

Answer 24

Involuntary and influenced by blood carbon dioxide levels

Question 25

The respiratory rhythmicity center is called?

Answer 25

Medulla