Respiratory System Flashcards by Meg Hipkin

Breathing process is…

Air~> nose/mouth
~>~>~>larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe)
~> lungs through main-stem bronchi
~>one bronchus goes left lung, one right
~> MS bronchi divide into smaller bronchi
~> those divide into bronchioles
~>~> ending in tiny air sacks- alveoli

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Upper respiratory tract includes? (6)

Nose
Nasal cavity
Ethimoidal air cells
Frontal sinuses
Maxillary sinus
Larynx trachea

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Lower respiratory tract includes? (3)

Lungs
Bronchi
Alveoli

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Symptoms of common cold

Runny nose
Sneezing
Headache
Fever
Aching muscles
Sore throat
Earaches
Nasal catarrh
Lymphatic enlargement
Malaise

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Specific actions for colds

Anticatarrhl
Antimicrobial
Lymphatic drain
Diaphoretic
Analgesic

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Sinusitis and rhinitis ( hay fever) symptoms include?

Runny nose
Burning eyes
Pain in nose/face
Headache
Post nasal drip

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Herbal actions for sinusitis/ rhinitis include?

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-microbial
Anti-catarrhal
Anti-histamine
Expectorating
Sometimes rubefacient for sinus area (not for those with acne)

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Herbal actions for tonsillitis include?

Anti-inflammatory
Lymphatic
Anti-microbial
Anticatarrhl
Diaphoretics 
Expectorants

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What 2 events could result in a bout of laryngitis?

Cold

Overextension of vocal chords

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Actions for laryngitis include?

Astringent
Anti-inflammatory
Demulcent
Anti-microbial

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Herbs with specific anti-histamine actions include

Nettles
Licorice
Dong quai
Ma-hang

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What herb is specific for laryngitis?

Osha root (chew a small piece)

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What is dyspnea

Shortness of breath

Bonus: 7 types are
Physiological- mostly from physical exertion
Pulmonary-restricted/obstructed defect
Cardiac- seen early stage

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Herbal Actions for coughs

Expectorant (type dependent on cough)
Antimicrobials
Antitussives

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Symptoms of acute bronchitis

Dry cough to start
Fever
A secondary bacterial infection may occur (pussy mucous)
Generally lasts 4-7 days
Not,ally preceded by cold or flu
Can be a result of mucosal membrane irritation (fumes, smoke, etc)

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Specific herbs for acute bronchitis

Elecampane

Osha

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Symptoms of whooping cough (pertussis) include? (3 stages)

Catarrhal stage- symptoms of common cold

Paroxysmal stage- 10-14 days in. Rapid coughing followed by ‘whoop’. thick mucous is often expelled and vomiting is common after an attack

Convalescent stage- coughing gradually decrease

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Herbal Actions beneficial for pertussis (1st and 2nd stages)

Stim. Expectorants
Antispasmodic so
Antitussives
Bronchodilators

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Specific herbs for whooping cough

Usnea
Thymus vulgate
Hawkweed
White horehound

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Actions for third stage of pertussis

Respiratory tonics

Adaptogens

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Classifications of chronic bronchitis are?

Simple chronic- mild, clear sputum
Mucopurelent- thick/yellow mucous- bacterial inf.
Obstructive- structural damage caused by continual affliction. Scarring causes bronchi to narrow

Actions for chronic bronchitis include?

Resp. Tonics
Expectorants
Antispasmodics
Bronchodilators (if dyspnea)
Diaphoretic (if fever)
Anti-microbial (if Infection)

What is emphysema and what condition is it normally accompanied by?

It is a destructive increase in size of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles

Treatment protocol similar to chronic bronchitis as it often accompanies the condition

Symptoms of pneumonia

Chills
High fever
Chest pain
Cough
Purulent (pussy)/ bloody sputum

Herbal actions for pneumonia

Resp. Tonics Adaptogens Deep immune stimulants Similar protocol to chronic bronchitis

Specific herbs for pneumonia

Usnea barbata

What are the two types of asthma?

Non-allergic (intrinsic)-caused by stressors Allergic (extrinsic)- caused by air borne allergens

Asthma Symptoms include?

``` Dypsnea Wheezing Coughing Chest tightness Rounded chest Cyanosis Confusion Lethargy ```

A Specific herbs for asthma is?

Lobelia

Herbal actions for asthma include

``` Bronchial relaxants Nervine support Anti-allergens Digestive bitters Deep immune support Respiratory tonics ```

Name the Herbs in action Deep immune support

``` Plantain Astragalus Horsetail Siberian ginseng Echinacea ```

Name the Herbs in action Lymphatic herbs

Cleavers | Poke root

Name the Herbs in action Demulcent

Marshmallow

Name the Herbs in action Respiratory tonics

Horsetail | Lungwort

Name the Herbs in action Anti microbial

Usnea Goldenseal Echinacea Osha

Name the Herbs in action Diaphoretic

Willow Ginger Combo of yarrow, elder and peppermint

Name the Herbs in action Antitussives

Wild cherry bark Coltsfoot Grindelia Angelica

Name the Herbs in action Balancing expectorants

Elecampane White horehound Coltsfoot

Name the Herbs in action Stimulating expectorants/ anti-catarrhal

``` Elecampane Thyme Lobelia Grindelia Licorice Golden rod Sage Ma huang ```

Name the Herbs in action Antispasmodic

Angelica

Name the Herbs in action Bronchial relaxants

Lobelia Ma huang Cramp bark

Name the Herbs in action Antihistamines

Licorice Ephedra Eye bright Stinging nettles

Name the Herbs in action Nervine support

St. John's wort Valerian Skullcap

Name the Herbs in action Anti-allergens

Urtica dioica Licorice Don quai

Name the Herbs in action Digestive bitters

Burdock | Dandelion root

Which herb stimulates lung secretions, soothes inflammation and coughing, has diaphoretic properties, and is an effective infection fighter and lung toner after sickness?

Pleurisy

Which herb is a highly effective Antitussive?

Coltsfoot

Which herb has specific actions on the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary system? (It is also anti-inflammatory, toning and anti microbial)

Goldenseal

What herb is extremely potent when treating for respiratory bacteria, viruses, and even lung cancer?

Usnea barbata

What is respiration

The act of breathing 2 parts: inhalation (taking in O2) Exhalation (giving off CO2)